9129767 R4DENPGW 1 apa 50 date desc year Miller 18 https://ajmiller.scrippsprofiles.ucsd.edu/wp-content/plugins/zotpress/
%7B%22status%22%3A%22success%22%2C%22updateneeded%22%3Afalse%2C%22instance%22%3Afalse%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22request_last%22%3A100%2C%22request_next%22%3A50%2C%22used_cache%22%3Atrue%7D%2C%22data%22%3A%5B%7B%22key%22%3A%22P9LN5XRI%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Cui%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222024%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ECui%2C%20X.%2C%20Yang%2C%20D.%2C%20%3Cstrong%3EMiller%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20A.%20J.%2C%20Yin%2C%20B.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Yang%2C%20J.%20%282024%29.%20Trough%26%23x2010%3BScale%20Slope%20Countercurrent%20Over%20the%20East%20China%20Sea%20Continental%20Slope%20Driven%20by%20Upwelling%20Divergence.%20%3Ci%3EJournal%20of%20Geophysical%20Research%3A%20Oceans%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E129%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2810%29%2C%20e2023JC020743.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1029%5C%2F2023JC020743%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1029%5C%2F2023JC020743%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Trough%5Cu2010Scale%20Slope%20Countercurrent%20Over%20the%20East%20China%20Sea%20Continental%20Slope%20Driven%20by%20Upwelling%20Divergence%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Xuan%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Cui%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Dezhou%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Yang%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Arthur%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Miller%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Baoshu%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Yin%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jiayan%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Yang%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Abstract%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20Observations%20have%20revealed%20the%20existence%20of%20persistent%20slope%20countercurrents%20%28SCCs%29%20that%20flow%20southwestward%20beneath%20the%20Kuroshio%20Current%20at%20several%20locations%20over%20the%20East%20China%20Sea%20%28ECS%29%20continental%20slope.%20It%20was%20not%20clear%20whether%20these%20flows%20are%20localized%20circulation%20features%20or%20segments%20of%20a%20trough%5Cu2010scale%20circulation%20system%20in%20the%20Okinawa%20Trough%20%28OT%29.%20We%20demonstrate%20that%20there%20indeed%20exists%20a%20potentially%20continuous%20trough%5Cu2010scale%20SCC%20along%20the%20ECS%20slope%20that%20is%20associated%20with%20an%20OT%5Cu2010wide%20cyclonic%20circulation%20using%20high%5Cu2010resolution%20model%20simulations%20and%20physical%20interpretations.%20The%20detailed%20features%20of%20the%20deep%20OT%20circulation%20are%20illustrated%20by%20the%20trajectories%20of%20the%20Lagrangian%20drifters%20and%20the%20time%5Cu2010varying%20distributions%20of%20passive%20tracers.%20The%20SCC%20in%20the%20ECS%20is%20characterized%20by%20its%20weak%20yet%20persistent%20nature%2C%20typically%20located%20in%20narrow%20sloping%20regions%20at%20the%20isopycnal%20layer%20of%2026.6%5Cu201327.3%5Cu00a0kg%5Cu00a0m%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cu22123%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20.%20It%20exhibits%20a%20characteristic%20speed%20of%20approximately%20O%5Cu2010%281%29%20cm%5Cu00a0s%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cu22121%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20.%20Analyses%20and%20experiments%20suggest%20that%20the%20divergence%20of%20upwelling%20in%20the%20SCC%20layer%20%2826.6%5Cu201327.3%20%5Cu03c3%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cu03b8%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20surface%29%20gives%20rise%20to%20lateral%20potential%20vorticity%20transport%2C%20ultimately%20driving%20the%20deep%20cyclonic%20circulation.%20Furthermore%2C%20the%20SCC%20also%20displays%20a%20substantial%20connection%20with%20the%20onshore%20intrusion%20of%20the%20Kuroshio%20Current%2C%20particularly%20to%20the%20northeast%20of%20Taiwan%20Island.%20The%20SCC%20may%20potentially%20play%20a%20crucial%20role%20in%20the%20transport%20of%20heat%20and%20nutrients%2C%20as%20well%20as%20in%20regulating%20sediment%20distributions%20within%20the%20deep%20OT.%20This%20mechanism%20offers%20fresh%20insights%20into%20explaining%20the%20presence%20of%20undercurrents%20in%20semi%5Cu2010enclosed%20marginal%20seas.%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%2C%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20Plain%20Language%20Summary%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20The%20Okinawa%20Trough%20%28OT%29%20is%20a%20key%20link%20between%20the%20Pacific%20Ocean%20and%20the%20East%20China%20Sea%20%28ECS%29%20continental%20shelf.%20It%20was%20observed%20by%20previous%20studies%20that%20persistent%20southwestward%20slope%20countercurrents%20%28SCCs%29%20exist%20beneath%20the%20northeastward%20Kuroshio%20Current%20at%20several%20locations%20over%20the%20ECS%20continental%20slope.%20These%20countercurrents%20have%20been%20attributed%20to%20a%20variety%20of%20mechanisms%20based%20on%20analyses%20and%20interpretations%20of%20observations%20made%20at%20different%20locations.%20It%20is%20yet%20not%20clear%20whether%20these%20flows%20are%20localized%20circulation%20features%20or%20segments%20of%20an%20OT%5Cu2010wide%20circulation%20system.%20In%20this%20study%2C%20we%20find%20that%20there%20indeed%20exists%20a%20trough%5Cu2010scale%20SCC%20along%20the%20ECS%20slope%20that%20is%20associated%20with%20an%20anti%5Cu2010clockwise%20circulation.%20Analyses%20indicate%20the%20OT%20experiences%20different%20vertical%20volume%20exchanges%20at%20the%20deep%20layer%2C%20which%20induces%20lateral%20exchanges%20of%20potential%20vorticity%20%28a%20dynamically%20conserved%20quantity%20in%20an%20ideal%20and%20rotating%20fluid%29%20and%20eventually%20drives%20the%20SCC.%20Numerical%20experiments%20are%20performed%20to%20show%20the%20validity%20of%20this%20process.%20The%20SCC%20may%20be%20of%20vital%20importance%20in%20transporting%20heat%20and%20nutrients%20and%20regulating%20the%20sediment%20distributions%20in%20the%20OT.%20This%20mechanism%20is%20potentially%20applicable%20to%20explain%20the%20undercurrent%20in%20similar%20semi%5Cu2010enclosed%20marginal%20seas.%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%2C%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20Key%20Points%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20Over%20the%20entire%20East%20China%20Sea%20continental%20slope%2C%20the%20slope%20countercurrent%20beneath%20the%20surface%20Kuroshio%20Current%20is%20potentially%20continuous%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20The%20slope%20countercurrent%20is%20the%20western%20part%20of%20a%20deep%20cyclonic%20circulation%20in%20the%20Okinawa%20Trough%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20The%20upwelling%20divergence%20along%20the%20East%20China%20Sea%20continental%20slope%20is%20the%20main%20forcing%20mechanism%20of%20the%20slope%20countercurrent%22%2C%22date%22%3A%2210%5C%2F2024%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1029%5C%2F2023JC020743%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%222169-9275%2C%202169-9291%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fagupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com%5C%2Fdoi%5C%2F10.1029%5C%2F2023JC020743%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22R4DENPGW%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222024-10-22T17%3A59%3A47Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22ZNYNDLAD%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Sun%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222024%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ESun%2C%20R.%2C%20Sanikommu%2C%20S.%2C%20Subramanian%2C%20A.%20C.%2C%20Mazloff%2C%20M.%20R.%2C%20Cornuelle%2C%20B.%20D.%2C%20Gopalakrishnan%2C%20G.%2C%20%3Cstrong%3EMiller%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20A.%20J.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Hoteit%2C%20I.%20%282024%29.%20Enhanced%20regional%20ocean%20ensemble%20data%20assimilation%20through%20atmospheric%20coupling%20in%20the%20SKRIPS%20model.%20%3Ci%3EOcean%20Modelling%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E191%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20102424.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.ocemod.2024.102424%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.ocemod.2024.102424%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Enhanced%20regional%20ocean%20ensemble%20data%20assimilation%20through%20atmospheric%20coupling%20in%20the%20SKRIPS%20model%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Rui%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Sun%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sivareddy%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Sanikommu%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Aneesh%20C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Subramanian%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Matthew%20R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Mazloff%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Bruce%20D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Cornuelle%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ganesh%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Gopalakrishnan%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Arthur%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Miller%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ibrahim%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hoteit%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%2210%5C%2F2024%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1016%5C%2Fj.ocemod.2024.102424%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2214635003%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Flinkinghub.elsevier.com%5C%2Fretrieve%5C%2Fpii%5C%2FS1463500324001112%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22TFFGCZNI%22%2C%22784978NX%22%2C%22R4DENPGW%22%2C%22P6BBM9XF%22%2C%22NWLRM2I3%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222024-10-04T23%3A29%3A25Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22Q8Y6Q4AM%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22DeFlorio%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222024%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EDeFlorio%2C%20M.%20J.%2C%20Sengupta%2C%20A.%2C%20Castellano%2C%20C.%20M.%2C%20Wang%2C%20J.%2C%20Zhang%2C%20Z.%2C%20Gershunov%2C%20A.%2C%20Guirguis%2C%20K.%2C%20Luna%20Ni%26%23xF1%3Bo%2C%20R.%2C%20Clemesha%2C%20R.%20E.%20S.%2C%20Pan%2C%20M.%2C%20Xiao%2C%20M.%2C%20Kawzenuk%2C%20B.%2C%20Gibson%2C%20P.%20B.%2C%20Scheftic%2C%20W.%2C%20Broxton%2C%20P.%20D.%2C%20Switanek%2C%20M.%20B.%2C%20Yuan%2C%20J.%2C%20Dettinger%2C%20M.%20D.%2C%20Hecht%2C%20C.%20W.%2C%20%26%23x2026%3B%20Anderson%2C%20M.%20L.%20%282024%29.%20From%20California%26%23x2019%3Bs%20Extreme%20Drought%20to%20Major%20Flooding%3A%20Evaluating%20and%20Synthesizing%20Experimental%20Seasonal%20and%20Subseasonal%20Forecasts%20of%20Landfalling%20Atmospheric%20Rivers%20and%20Extreme%20Precipitation%20during%20Winter%202022%5C%2F23.%20%3Ci%3EBulletin%20of%20the%20American%20Meteorological%20Society%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E105%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%281%29%2C%20E84%26%23x2013%3BE104.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1175%5C%2FBAMS-D-22-0208.1%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1175%5C%2FBAMS-D-22-0208.1%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22From%20California%5Cu2019s%20Extreme%20Drought%20to%20Major%20Flooding%3A%20Evaluating%20and%20Synthesizing%20Experimental%20Seasonal%20and%20Subseasonal%20Forecasts%20of%20Landfalling%20Atmospheric%20Rivers%20and%20Extreme%20Precipitation%20during%20Winter%202022%5C%2F23%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Michael%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22DeFlorio%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Agniv%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Sengupta%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Christopher%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Castellano%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jiabao%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Wang%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Zhenhai%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Zhang%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Alexander%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Gershunov%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Kristen%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Guirguis%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Rosa%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Luna%20Ni%5Cu00f1o%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Rachel%20E.%20S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Clemesha%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ming%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pan%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Mu%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Xiao%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Brian%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kawzenuk%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Peter%20B.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Gibson%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22William%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Scheftic%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Patrick%20D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Broxton%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Matthew%20B.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Switanek%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jing%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Yuan%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Michael%20D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Dettinger%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Chad%20W.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hecht%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Daniel%20R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Cayan%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Bruce%20D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Cornuelle%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Arthur%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Miller%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Julie%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kalansky%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Luca%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Delle%20Monache%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22F.%20Martin%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ralph%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Duane%20E.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Waliser%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Andrew%20W.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Robertson%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Xubin%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Zeng%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22David%20G.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22DeWitt%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jeanine%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Jones%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Michael%20L.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Anderson%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Abstract%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20California%20experienced%20a%20historic%20run%20of%20nine%20consecutive%20landfalling%20atmospheric%20rivers%20%28ARs%29%20in%20three%20weeks%5Cu2019%20time%20during%20winter%202022%5C%2F23.%20Following%20three%20years%20of%20drought%20from%202020%20to%202022%2C%20intense%20landfalling%20ARs%20across%20California%20in%20December%202022%5Cu2013January%202023%20were%20responsible%20for%20bringing%20reservoirs%20back%20to%20historical%20averages%20and%20producing%20damaging%20floods%20and%20debris%20flows.%20In%20recent%20years%2C%20the%20Center%20for%20Western%20Weather%20and%20Water%20Extremes%20and%20collaborating%20institutions%20have%20developed%20and%20routinely%20provided%20to%20end%20users%20peer-reviewed%20experimental%20seasonal%20%281%5Cu20136%20month%20lead%20time%29%20and%20subseasonal%20%282%5Cu20136%5Cu2009week%20lead%20time%29%20prediction%20tools%20for%20western%20U.S.%20ARs%2C%20circulation%20regimes%2C%20and%20precipitation.%20Here%2C%20we%20evaluate%20the%20performance%20of%20experimental%20seasonal%20precipitation%20forecasts%20for%20winter%202022%5C%2F23%2C%20along%20with%20experimental%20subseasonal%20AR%20activity%20and%20circulation%20forecasts%20during%20the%20December%202022%20regime%20shift%20from%20dry%20conditions%20to%20persistent%20troughing%20and%20record%20AR-driven%20wetness%20over%20the%20western%20United%20States.%20Experimental%20seasonal%20precipitation%20forecasts%20were%20too%20dry%20across%20Southern%20California%20%28likely%20due%20to%20their%20overreliance%20on%20La%20Ni%5Cu00f1a%29%2C%20and%20the%20observed%20above-normal%20precipitation%20across%20Northern%20and%20Central%20California%20was%20underpredicted.%20However%2C%20experimental%20subseasonal%20forecasts%20skillfully%20captured%20the%20regime%20shift%20from%20dry%20to%20wet%20conditions%20in%20late%20December%202022%20at%202%5Cu20133%5Cu2009week%20lead%20time.%20During%20this%20time%2C%20an%20active%20MJO%20shift%20from%20phases%204%20and%205%20to%206%20and%207%20occurred%2C%20which%20historically%20tilts%20the%20odds%20toward%20increased%20AR%20activity%20over%20California.%20New%20experimental%20seasonal%20and%20subseasonal%20synthesis%20forecast%20products%2C%20designed%20to%20aggregate%20information%20across%20institutions%20and%20methods%2C%20are%20introduced%20in%20the%20context%20of%20this%20historic%20winter%20to%20provide%20situational%20awareness%20guidance%20to%20western%20U.S.%20water%20managers.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%2201%5C%2F2024%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1175%5C%2FBAMS-D-22-0208.1%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220003-0007%2C%201520-0477%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fjournals.ametsoc.org%5C%2Fview%5C%2Fjournals%5C%2Fbams%5C%2F105%5C%2F1%5C%2FBAMS-D-22-0208.1.xml%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22TFFGCZNI%22%2C%222CJDBIH8%22%2C%22R4DENPGW%22%2C%223BVIFSK4%22%2C%227J6PFJNF%22%2C%22GS9TJSRH%22%2C%225VS4ETHR%22%2C%228U6EVDVF%22%2C%22FCUZWX58%22%2C%22SS6XDERI%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222024-04-12T20%3A11%3A17Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%228HE6L2UD%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Sun%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222023-06-20%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A2%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ESun%2C%20R.%2C%20Cobb%2C%20A.%2C%20Villas%20B%26%23xF4%3Bas%2C%20A.%20B.%2C%20Langodan%2C%20S.%2C%20Subramanian%2C%20A.%20C.%2C%20Mazloff%2C%20M.%20R.%2C%20Cornuelle%2C%20B.%20D.%2C%20%3Cstrong%3EMiller%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20A.%20J.%2C%20Pathak%2C%20R.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Hoteit%2C%20I.%20%282023%29.%20Waves%20in%20SKRIPS%3A%20WAVEWATCH%20III%20coupling%20implementation%20and%20a%20case%20study%20of%20Tropical%20Cyclone%20Mekunu.%20%3Ci%3EGeoscientific%20Model%20Development%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E16%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2812%29%2C%203435%26%23x2013%3B3458.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.5194%5C%2Fgmd-16-3435-2023%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.5194%5C%2Fgmd-16-3435-2023%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Waves%20in%20SKRIPS%3A%20WAVEWATCH%20III%20coupling%20implementation%20and%20a%20case%20study%20of%20Tropical%20Cyclone%20Mekunu%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Rui%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Sun%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Alison%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Cobb%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ana%20B.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Villas%20B%5Cu00f4as%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sabique%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Langodan%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Aneesh%20C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Subramanian%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Matthew%20R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Mazloff%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Bruce%20D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Cornuelle%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Arthur%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Miller%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Raju%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pathak%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ibrahim%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hoteit%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Abstract.%20In%20this%20work%2C%20we%20integrated%20the%20WAVEWATCH%20III%20model%20into%20the%20regional%20coupled%20model%20SKRIPS%20%28Scripps%5Cu2013KAUST%20Regional%20Integrated%20Prediction%20System%29.%20The%20WAVEWATCH%20III%20model%20is%20implemented%20with%20flexibility%2C%20meaning%20the%20coupled%20system%20can%20run%20with%20or%20without%20the%20wave%20component.%20In%20our%20implementations%2C%20we%20considered%20the%20effect%20of%20Stokes%20drift%2C%20Langmuir%20turbulence%2C%20sea%20surface%20roughness%2C%20and%20wave-induced%20momentum%20fluxes.%20To%20demonstrate%20the%20impact%20of%20coupling%20we%20performed%20a%20case%20study%20using%20a%20series%20of%20coupled%20and%20uncoupled%20simulations%20of%20Tropical%20Cyclone%20Mekunu%2C%20which%20occurred%20in%20the%20Arabian%20Sea%20in%20May%5Cu00a02018.%20We%20examined%20the%20model%20skill%20in%20these%20simulations%20and%20further%20investigated%20the%20impact%20of%20Langmuir%20turbulence%20in%20the%20coupled%20system.%20Because%20of%20the%20chaotic%20nature%20of%20the%20atmosphere%2C%20we%20ran%20an%20ensemble%20of%2020%20members%20for%20each%20coupled%20and%20uncoupled%20experiment.%20We%20found%20that%20the%20characteristics%20of%20the%20tropical%20cyclone%20are%20not%20significantly%20different%20due%20to%20the%20effect%20of%20surface%20waves%20when%20using%20different%20parameterizations%2C%20but%20the%20coupled%20models%20better%20capture%20the%20minimum%20pressure%20and%20maximum%20wind%20speed%20compared%20with%20the%20benchmark%20stand-alone%20Weather%20Research%20and%20Forecasting%5Cu00a0%28WRF%29%20model.%20Moreover%2C%20in%20the%20region%20of%20the%20cold%20wake%2C%20when%20Langmuir%20turbulence%20is%20considered%20in%20the%20coupled%20system%2C%20the%20sea%20surface%20temperature%20is%20about%200.5%5Cu2009%5Cu2218C%20colder%2C%20and%20the%20mixed%20layer%20is%20about%2020%5Cu2009m%20deeper.%20This%20indicates%20the%20ocean%20model%20is%20sensitive%20to%20the%20parameterization%20of%20Langmuir%20turbulence%20in%20the%20coupled%20simulations.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222023-06-20%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.5194%5C%2Fgmd-16-3435-2023%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221991-9603%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fgmd.copernicus.org%5C%2Farticles%5C%2F16%5C%2F3435%5C%2F2023%5C%2F%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22TFFGCZNI%22%2C%22R4DENPGW%22%2C%22P6BBM9XF%22%2C%22NWLRM2I3%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222024-04-12T20%3A11%3A34Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22DUZHHYKR%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Ghosh%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222023-03-09%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EGhosh%2C%20S.%2C%20%3Cstrong%3EMiller%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20A.%20J.%2C%20Subramaniam%2C%20A.%20C.%2C%20Bhatla%2C%20R.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Das%2C%20S.%20%282023%29.%20Signals%20of%20northward%20propagating%20monsoon%20intraseasonal%20oscillations%20%28MISOs%29%20in%20the%20RegCM4.7%20CORDEX-CORE%20simulation%20over%20South%20Asia%20domain.%20%3Ci%3EClimate%20Dynamics%3C%5C%2Fi%3E.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1007%5C%2Fs00382-023-06729-3%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1007%5C%2Fs00382-023-06729-3%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Signals%20of%20northward%20propagating%20monsoon%20intraseasonal%20oscillations%20%28MISOs%29%20in%20the%20RegCM4.7%20CORDEX-CORE%20simulation%20over%20South%20Asia%20domain%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Soumik%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ghosh%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Arthur%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Miller%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Aneesh%20C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Subramaniam%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bhatla%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sushant%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Das%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222023-03-09%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1007%5C%2Fs00382-023-06729-3%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220930-7575%2C%201432-0894%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Flink.springer.com%5C%2F10.1007%5C%2Fs00382-023-06729-3%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22R4DENPGW%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222023-04-17T22%3A19%3A20Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22H66XMEKZ%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Beaudin%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222023-02-16%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EBeaudin%2C%20%26%23xC9%3B.%2C%20Di%20Lorenzo%2C%20E.%2C%20%3Cstrong%3EMiller%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20A.%20J.%2C%20Seo%2C%20H.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Joh%2C%20Y.%20%282023%29.%20Impact%20of%20Extratropical%20Northeast%20Pacific%20SST%20on%20U.S.%20West%20Coast%20Precipitation.%20%3Ci%3EGeophysical%20Research%20Letters%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E50%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%283%29.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1029%5C%2F2022GL102354%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1029%5C%2F2022GL102354%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Impact%20of%20Extratropical%20Northeast%20Pacific%20SST%20on%20U.S.%20West%20Coast%20Precipitation%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22%5Cu00c9.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Beaudin%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22E.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Di%20Lorenzo%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Miller%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22H.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Seo%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Y.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Joh%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222023-02-16%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1029%5C%2F2022GL102354%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220094-8276%2C%201944-8007%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fonlinelibrary.wiley.com%5C%2Fdoi%5C%2F10.1029%5C%2F2022GL102354%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22R4DENPGW%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222023-04-11T23%3A33%3A48Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22NV2WXY35%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Pezzi%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222023-01-26%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EPezzi%2C%20L.%20P.%2C%20Quadro%2C%20M.%20F.%20L.%2C%20Souza%2C%20E.%20B.%2C%20%3Cstrong%3EMiller%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20A.%20J.%2C%20Rao%2C%20V.%20B.%2C%20Rosa%2C%20E.%20B.%2C%20Santini%2C%20M.%20F.%2C%20Bender%2C%20A.%2C%20Souza%2C%20R.%20B.%2C%20Cabrera%2C%20M.%20J.%2C%20Parise%2C%20C.%20K.%2C%20Carvalho%2C%20J.%20T.%2C%20Lima%2C%20L.%20S.%2C%20De%20Quadros%2C%20M.%20R.%20L.%2C%20Nehme%2C%20D.%20M.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Ant%26%23xF3%3Bnio%2C%20J.%20F.%20%282023%29.%20Oceanic%20SACZ%20produces%20an%20abnormally%20wet%202021%5C%2F2022%20rainy%20season%20in%20South%20America.%20%3Ci%3EScientific%20Reports%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E13%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%281%29%2C%201455.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1038%5C%2Fs41598-023-28803-w%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1038%5C%2Fs41598-023-28803-w%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Oceanic%20SACZ%20produces%20an%20abnormally%20wet%202021%5C%2F2022%20rainy%20season%20in%20South%20America%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Luciano%20P.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pezzi%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Mario%20F.%20L.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Quadro%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Everaldo%20B.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Souza%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Arthur%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Miller%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Vadlamudi%20B.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Rao%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Eliana%20B.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Rosa%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Marcelo%20F.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Santini%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Andr%5Cu00e9ia%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bender%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ronald%20B.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Souza%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Mylene%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Cabrera%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Claudia%20K.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Parise%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jonas%20T.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Carvalho%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Luciana%20S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lima%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Maria%20Rita%20L.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22De%20Quadros%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Douglas%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Nehme%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jaime%20F.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ant%5Cu00f3nio%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Abstract%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20The%20oceanic%20South%20Atlantic%20Convergence%20Zone%20%28SACZ%29%20has%20played%20a%20major%20role%20during%20South%20America%5Cu2019s%202021%5C%2F2022%20summer%20extreme%20rainy%20season%2C%20being%20responsible%20for%20more%20than%2090%25%20of%20the%20precipitation%20in%20some%20regions%20of%20Southeast%20Brazil%20and%20in%20some%20regions%20of%20the%20Southwestern%20Atlantic%20Ocean%20%28SWA%29.%20The%20summer%20of%202021%5C%2F2022%20was%20unique%20and%20rare%20and%20considered%20an%20abnormally%20humid%20season%20as%20verified%20by%20official%20Brazilian%20Institutes.%20First%2C%20the%20unusual%20number%20of%20cases%20of%20SACZ%20episodes%20%28seven%29%2C%20was%20the%20highest%20recorded%20in%20the%20last%20decade.%20Second%2C%20all%20the%20cases%20that%20occurred%20were%20oceanic%20SACZ%20that%20assumed%20characteristics%20of%20an%20Atmospheric%20River%20and%20produced%20an%20excessively%20anomalous%20amount%20of%20precipitation%20during%20this%20period.%20Excess%20precipitation%20along%20with%20the%20regions%20located%20in%20mountainous%20and%20very%20uneven%20relief%2C%20which%20by%20orographic%20effects%20favors%20high%20precipitation%20volumes%2C%20were%20responsible%20for%20amplifying%20the%20observed%20impacts%2C%20such%20as%20landslides%20and%20floods%20that%20caused%20several%20losses%20to%20society.%20We%20also%20showed%20the%20main%20effects%20of%20coupling%20and%20interaction%20between%20the%20waters%20of%20the%20surface%20layer%20of%20the%20SWA%20and%20the%20atmosphere.%20Our%20learning%20from%20this%20study%20ends%20with%20the%20unprecedented%20results%20of%20how%20the%20marine%20atmospheric%20boundary%20layer%20%28MABL%29%20is%20locally%20modulated%20by%20the%20sea%20surface%20temperature%20%28SST%29%20that%20lies%20just%20below%20it.%20Until%20the%20present%20moment%2C%20we%20emphasize%20that%20this%20important%20mechanism%20has%20not%20been%20widely%20highlighted%20in%20the%20literature%2C%20showing%20that%20even%20though%20the%20ocean%20is%20colder%20than%20before%20oceanic%20SACZ%20is%20established%2C%20it%20is%20still%20warmer%20than%20the%20overlying%20air%2C%20thus%2C%20the%20ocean%20continues%20to%20be%20an%20active%20source%20of%20heat%20and%20moisture%20for%20the%20atmosphere%20and%20enhances%20the%20MABL%20instability%20process.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222023-01-26%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1038%5C%2Fs41598-023-28803-w%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%222045-2322%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.nature.com%5C%2Farticles%5C%2Fs41598-023-28803-w%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22R4DENPGW%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222023-05-23T17%3A38%3A48Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22PLE3S4MA%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Di%20Lorenzo%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222023-01-16%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EDi%20Lorenzo%2C%20E.%2C%20Xu%2C%20T.%2C%20Zhao%2C%20Y.%2C%20Newman%2C%20M.%2C%20Capotondi%2C%20A.%2C%20Stevenson%2C%20S.%2C%20Amaya%2C%20D.%20J.%2C%20Anderson%2C%20B.%20T.%2C%20Ding%2C%20R.%2C%20Furtado%2C%20J.%20C.%2C%20Joh%2C%20Y.%2C%20Liguori%2C%20G.%2C%20Lou%2C%20J.%2C%20%3Cstrong%3EMiller%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20A.%20J.%2C%20Navarra%2C%20G.%2C%20Schneider%2C%20N.%2C%20Vimont%2C%20D.%20J.%2C%20Wu%2C%20S.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Zhang%2C%20H.%20%282023%29.%20Modes%20and%20Mechanisms%20of%20Pacific%20Decadal-Scale%20Variability.%20%3Ci%3EAnnual%20Review%20of%20Marine%20Science%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E15%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%281%29%2C%20249%26%23x2013%3B275.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1146%5C%2Fannurev-marine-040422-084555%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1146%5C%2Fannurev-marine-040422-084555%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Modes%20and%20Mechanisms%20of%20Pacific%20Decadal-Scale%20Variability%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22E.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Di%20Lorenzo%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22T.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Xu%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Y.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Zhao%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Newman%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Capotondi%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Stevenson%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22D.J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Amaya%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22B.T.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Anderson%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ding%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Furtado%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Y.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Joh%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22G.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Liguori%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lou%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Miller%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22G.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Navarra%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22N.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Schneider%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22D.J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Vimont%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Wu%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22H.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Zhang%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22The%20modes%20of%20Pacific%20decadal-scale%20variability%20%28PDV%29%2C%20traditionally%20defined%20as%20statistical%20patterns%20of%20variance%2C%20reflect%20to%20first%20order%20the%20ocean%27s%20integration%20%28i.e.%2C%20reddening%29%20of%20atmospheric%20forcing%20that%20arises%20from%20both%20a%20shift%20and%20a%20change%20in%20strength%20of%20the%20climatological%20%28time-mean%29%20atmospheric%20circulation.%20While%20these%20patterns%20concisely%20describe%20PDV%2C%20they%20do%20not%20distinguish%20among%20the%20key%20dynamical%20processes%20driving%20the%20evolution%20of%20PDV%20anomalies%2C%20including%20atmospheric%20and%20ocean%20teleconnections%20and%20coupled%20feedbacks%20with%20similar%20spatial%20structures%20that%20operate%20on%20different%20timescales.%20In%20this%20review%2C%20we%20synthesize%20past%20analysis%20using%20an%20empirical%20dynamical%20model%20constructed%20from%20monthly%20ocean%20surface%20anomalies%20drawn%20from%20several%20reanalysis%20products%2C%20showing%20that%20the%20PDV%20modes%20of%20variance%20result%20from%20two%20fundamental%20low-frequency%20dynamical%20eigenmodes%3A%20the%20North%20Pacific%5Cu2013central%20Pacific%20%28NP-CP%29%20and%20Kuroshio%5Cu2013Oyashio%20Extension%20%28KOE%29%20modes.%20Both%20eigenmodes%20highlight%20how%20two-way%20tropical%5Cu2013extratropical%20teleconnection%20dynamics%20are%20the%20primary%20mechanisms%20energizing%20and%20synchronizing%20the%20basin-scale%20footprint%20of%20PDV.%20While%20the%20NP-CP%20mode%20captures%20interannual-%20to%20decadal-scale%20variability%2C%20the%20KOE%20mode%20is%20linked%20to%20the%20basin-scale%20expression%20of%20PDV%20on%20decadal%20to%20multidecadal%20timescales%2C%20including%20contributions%20from%20the%20South%20Pacific.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222023-01-16%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1146%5C%2Fannurev-marine-040422-084555%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221941-1405%2C%201941-0611%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.annualreviews.org%5C%2Fdoi%5C%2F10.1146%5C%2Fannurev-marine-040422-084555%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22R4DENPGW%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222023-02-17T16%3A52%3A15Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22SHGD24PG%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Zhang%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222022-04%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A4%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EZhang%2C%20Y.%2C%20Yu%2C%20S.%20Y.%2C%20Xie%2C%20S.%20P.%2C%20Amaya%2C%20D.%20J.%2C%20Peng%2C%20Q.%20H.%2C%20Kosaka%2C%20Y.%2C%20Lin%2C%20X.%20P.%2C%20Yang%2C%20J.%20C.%2C%20Larson%2C%20S.%20M.%2C%20%3Cstrong%3EMiller%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20A.%20J.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Fan%2C%20L.%20%282022%29.%20Role%20of%20ocean%20dynamics%20in%20equatorial%20Pacific%20decadal%20variability.%20%3Ci%3EClimate%20Dynamics%3C%5C%2Fi%3E.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1007%5C%2Fs00382-022-06312-2%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1007%5C%2Fs00382-022-06312-2%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Role%20of%20ocean%20dynamics%20in%20equatorial%20Pacific%20decadal%20variability%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Y.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Zhang%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22S.%20Y.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Yu%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22S.%20P.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Xie%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22D.%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Amaya%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Q.%20H.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Peng%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Y.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kosaka%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22X.%20P.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lin%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%20C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Yang%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22S.%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Larson%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Miller%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22L.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Fan%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22The%20tropical%20Pacific%20exhibits%20decadal%20El%20Nino-Southern%20Oscillation%20%28ENSO%29-like%20variability%2C%20characterized%20by%20meridionally%20broad%20sea%20surface%20temperature%20anomalies%20in%20the%20eastern%20Pacific.%20In%20this%20study%2C%20we%20focus%20on%20the%20variability%20in%20the%20equatorial%20Pacific%20band%20%285%20degrees%20S-5%20degrees%20N%29%2C%20termed%20equatorial%20Pacific%20decadal%20variability%20%28EPDV%29.%20While%20it%20is%20known%20that%20ocean%20dynamics%20plays%20an%20essential%20role%20in%20EPDV%2C%20the%20simulations%20by%20air-sea%20thermodynamically%20coupled%20slab%20ocean%20models%20%28SOM%29%20obscure%20the%20nature%20of%20the%20role%20of%20ocean%20dynamics.%20To%20confront%20this%20issue%2C%20we%20use%20a%20mechanically%20decoupled%20simulation%2C%20which%20isolates%20the%20effects%20of%20thermodynamic%20coupling%20processes%20and%20mean%20ocean%20circulation%20on%20EPDV.%20Thus%2C%20by%20comparing%20the%20simulation%20to%20a%20SOM%2C%20we%20investigate%20the%20role%20of%20mean%20ocean%20circulation%20and%20show%20that%20it%20plays%20a%20role%20in%20damping%20EPDV%2C%20primarily%20through%20mean%20equatorial%20Pacific%20upwelling.%20By%20comparing%20the%20simulation%20to%20a%20fully%20coupled%20dynamic%20ocean%20model%20%28DOM%29%2C%20we%20examine%20the%20role%20of%20anomalous%20wind-driven%20ocean%20circulation%20and%20demonstrate%20that%20it%20plays%20a%20role%20in%20amplifying%20EPDV.%20Further%2C%20this%20amplification%20strength%20overwhelms%20the%20upwelling%20damping%20effect%2C%20resulting%20in%20the%20anomalous%20wind-driven%20ocean%20circulation%20forcing%20EPDV.%20Finally%2C%20we%20examine%20the%20origin%20of%20EPDV%20in%20the%20DOM%20and%20show%20that%20it%20originates%20from%20a%20zonal%20dipole%20mode%20in%20the%20tropical%20Pacific%2C%20which%20is%20strongly%20associated%20with%20decadal%20modulation%20of%20ENSO%20amplitude.%20Taking%20EPDV%20as%20an%20example%2C%20our%20study%20advances%20the%20understanding%20of%20the%20two%20distinct%20dynamical%20systems%20%28SOM%20and%20DOM%29%2C%20benefiting%20the%20physical%20interpretation%20of%20other%20climate%20variabilities.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222022%5C%2F04%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1007%5C%2Fs00382-022-06312-2%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220930-7575%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22F399VRET%22%2C%22R4DENPGW%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-07-12T21%3A01%3A40Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22YSPV3KJE%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Pezzi%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222022-04%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A2%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EPezzi%2C%20L.%20P.%2C%20Quadro%2C%20M.%20F.%20L.%2C%20Lorenzzetti%2C%20J.%20A.%2C%20%3Cstrong%3EMiller%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20A.%20J.%2C%20Rosa%2C%20E.%20B.%2C%20Lima%2C%20L.%20N.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Sutil%2C%20U.%20A.%20%282022%29.%20The%20effect%20of%20Oceanic%20South%20Atlantic%20Convergence%20Zone%20episodes%20on%20regional%20SST%20anomalies%3A%20the%20roles%20of%20heat%20fluxes%20and%20upper-ocean%20dynamics.%20%3Ci%3EClimate%20Dynamics%3C%5C%2Fi%3E.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1007%5C%2Fs00382-022-06195-3%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1007%5C%2Fs00382-022-06195-3%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22The%20effect%20of%20Oceanic%20South%20Atlantic%20Convergence%20Zone%20episodes%20on%20regional%20SST%20anomalies%3A%20the%20roles%20of%20heat%20fluxes%20and%20upper-ocean%20dynamics%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22L.%20P.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pezzi%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%20F.%20L.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Quadro%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lorenzzetti%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Miller%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22E.%20B.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Rosa%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22L.%20N.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lima%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22U.%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Sutil%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22The%20South%20Atlantic%20Convergence%20Zone%20%28SACZ%29%20is%20an%20atmospheric%20system%20occurring%20in%20austral%20summer%20on%20the%20South%20America%20continent%20and%20sometimes%20extending%20over%20the%20adjacent%20South%20Atlantic.%20It%20is%20characterized%20by%20a%20persistent%20and%20very%20large%2C%20northwest-southeast-oriented%2C%20cloud%20band.%20Its%20presence%20over%20the%20ocean%20causes%20sea%20surface%20cooling%20that%20some%20past%20studies%20indicated%20as%20being%20produced%20by%20a%20decrease%20of%20incoming%20solar%20heat%20flux%20induced%20by%20the%20extensive%20cloud%20cover.%20Here%20we%20investigate%20ocean-atmosphere%20interaction%20processes%20in%20the%20Southwestern%20Atlantic%20Ocean%20%28SWA%29%20during%20SACZ%20oceanic%20episodes%2C%20as%20well%20as%20the%20resulting%20modulations%20occurring%20in%20the%20oceanic%20mixed%20layer%20and%20their%20possible%20feedbacks%20on%20the%20marine%20atmospheric%20boundary%20layer.%20Our%20main%20interests%20and%20novel%20results%20are%20on%20verifying%20how%20the%20oceanic%20SACZ%20acts%20on%20dynamic%20and%20thermodynamic%20mechanisms%20and%20contributes%20to%20the%20sea%20surface%20thermal%20balance%20in%20that%20region.%20In%20our%20oceanic%20SACZ%20episodes%20simulations%20we%20confirm%20an%20ocean%20surface%20cooling.%20Model%20results%20indicate%20that%20surface%20atmospheric%20circulation%20and%20the%20presence%20of%20an%20extensive%20cloud%20cover%20band%20over%20the%20SWA%20promote%20sea%20surface%20cooling%20via%20a%20combined%20effect%20of%20dynamic%20and%20thermodynamic%20mechanisms%2C%20which%20are%20of%20the%20same%20order%20of%20magnitude.%20The%20sea%20surface%20temperature%20%28SST%29%20decreases%20in%20regions%20underneath%20oceanic%20SACZ%20positions%2C%20near%20Southeast%20Brazilian%20coast%2C%20in%20the%20South%20Brazil%20Bight%20%28SBB%29%20and%20offshore.%20This%20cooling%20is%20the%20result%20of%20a%20complex%20combination%20of%20factors%20caused%20by%20the%20decrease%20of%20solar%20shortwave%20radiation%20reaching%20the%20sea%20surface%20and%20the%20reduction%20of%20horizontal%20heat%20advection%20in%20the%20Brazil%20Current%20%28BC%29%20region.%20The%20weakened%20southward%20BC%20and%20adjacent%20offshore%20region%20heat%20advection%20seems%20to%20be%20associated%20with%20the%20surface%20atmospheric%20circulation%20caused%20by%20oceanic%20SACZ%20episodes%2C%20which%20rotate%20the%20surface%20wind%20and%20strengthen%20cyclonic%20oceanic%20mesoscale%20eddy.%20Another%20singular%20feature%20found%20in%20this%20study%20is%20the%20presence%20of%20an%20atmospheric%20cyclonic%20vortex%20Southwest%20of%20the%20SACZ%20%28CVSS%29%2C%20both%20at%20the%20surface%20and%20aloft%20at%20850%20hPa%20near%2024%20degrees%20S%20and%2045%20degrees%20W.%20The%20CVSS%20induces%20an%20SST%20decrease%20southwestward%20from%20the%20SACZ%20position%20by%20inducing%20divergent%20Ekman%20transport%20and%20consequent%20offshore%20upwelling.%20This%20shows%20that%20the%20dynamical%20effects%20of%20atmospheric%20surface%20circulation%20associated%20with%20the%20oceanic%20SACZ%20are%20not%20restricted%20only%20to%20the%20region%20underneath%20the%20cloud%20band%2C%20but%20that%20they%20extend%20southwestward%20where%20the%20CVSS%20presence%20supports%20the%20oceanic%20SACZ%20convective%20activity%20and%20concomitantly%20modifies%20the%20ocean%20dynamics.%20Therefore%2C%20the%20changes%20produced%20in%20the%20oceanic%20dynamics%20by%20these%20SACZ%20events%20may%20be%20important%20to%20many%20areas%20of%20scientific%20and%20applied%20climate%20research.%20For%20example%2C%20episodes%20of%20oceanic%20SACZ%20may%20influence%20the%20pathways%20of%20pollutants%20as%20well%20as%20fish%20larvae%20dispersion%20in%20the%20region.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222022%5C%2F04%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1007%5C%2Fs00382-022-06195-3%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220930-7575%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22R4DENPGW%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-06-22T16%3A53%3A33Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22UUCRCL2Z%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Sun%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222022-01%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A8%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ESun%2C%20R.%2C%20Boas%2C%20A.%20B.%20V.%2C%20Subramanian%2C%20A.%20C.%2C%20Cornuelle%2C%20B.%20D.%2C%20Mazloff%2C%20M.%20R.%2C%20%3Cstrong%3EMiller%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20A.%20J.%2C%20Langodan%2C%20S.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Hoteit%2C%20I.%20%282022%29.%20Focusing%20and%20defocusing%20of%20tropical%20cyclone%20generated%20waves%20by%20ocean%20current%20refraction.%20%3Ci%3EJournal%20of%20Geophysical%20Research-Oceans%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E127%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%281%29%2C%2013.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1029%5C%2F2021jc018112%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1029%5C%2F2021jc018112%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Focusing%20and%20defocusing%20of%20tropical%20cyclone%20generated%20waves%20by%20ocean%20current%20refraction%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Sun%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%20B.%20V.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Boas%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%20C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Subramanian%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22B.%20D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Cornuelle%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%20R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Mazloff%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Miller%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Langodan%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22I.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hoteit%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Waves%20generated%20by%20tropical%20cyclones%20can%20have%20devastating%20effects%20on%20coastal%20regions.%20However%2C%20the%20role%20of%20ocean%20currents%20in%20modifying%20wave%20amplitudes%2C%20wavelengths%2C%20and%20directions%20is%20commonly%20overlooked%20in%20wave%20forecasts%2C%20despite%20the%20fact%20that%20these%20interactions%20can%20lead%20to%20extreme%20wave%20conditions.%20Here%2C%20we%20use%20satellite%20observations%20and%20wave%20modeling%20to%20quantify%20the%20effects%20of%20ocean%20currents%20on%20the%20surface%20waves%20generated%20during%20a%20tropical%20cyclone%20event%20in%20the%20Arabian%20Sea.%20As%20a%20case%20study%2C%20this%20paper%20documents%20beams%20of%20wave%20heights%20originating%20from%20the%20eye-wall%20of%20a%20tropical%20cyclone%20caused%20by%20current-induced%20refraction.%20Alternating%20regions%20of%20high%20and%20low%20wave%20heights%20in%20the%20model%20simulations%20are%20consistent%20with%20observations%20and%20extend%20for%20thousands%20of%20kilometers%20all%20the%20way%20to%20100%20m%20isobath.%20Our%20results%20highlight%20the%20importance%20of%20accounting%20for%20wave%20refraction%20by%20currents%20in%20order%20to%20accurately%20predict%20the%20impact%20of%20tropical%20cyclone%20generated%20waves%20on%20coastal%20regions.%20Plain%20Language%20Summary%20Waves%20generated%20by%20tropical%20cyclones%20can%20have%20devastating%20effects%20on%20coastal%20regions.%20Ocean%20currents%20can%20modify%20wave%20heights%20and%20lead%20to%20extreme%20wave%20conditions.%20Here%2C%20we%20use%20satellite%20observations%20and%20wave%20modeling%20to%20quantify%20the%20effects%20of%20ocean%20currents%20on%20the%20waves%20during%20a%20tropical%20cyclone%20event%20in%20the%20Arabian%20Sea.%20In%20this%20paper%2C%20we%20documented%20the%20coherent%20beams%20of%20wave%20heights%20originating%20from%20the%20%5C%22center%5C%22%20of%20a%20tropical%20cyclone%20caused%20by%20current-induced%20effects.%20Alternating%20regions%20of%20high%20and%20low%20wave%20heights%20in%20the%20model%20simulations%20are%20consistent%20with%20observations%20and%20extend%20for%20thousands%20of%20kilometers%20all%20the%20way%20to%20100%20m%20isobath.%20Our%20results%20highlight%20the%20importance%20of%20accounting%20for%20the%20currents%20in%20order%20to%20accurately%20predict%20the%20impact%20of%20tropical%20cyclone%20generated%20waves%20on%20coastal%20regions.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222022%5C%2F01%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22English%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1029%5C%2F2021jc018112%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%222169-9275%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22TFFGCZNI%22%2C%22R4DENPGW%22%2C%22P6BBM9XF%22%2C%22NWLRM2I3%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222024-04-12T20%3A11%3A43Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22VRBLTBAA%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Cordero-Quiros%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222022-01%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A2%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ECordero-Quiros%2C%20N.%2C%20%3Cstrong%3EMiller%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20A.%20J.%2C%20Pan%2C%20Y.%20C.%2C%20Balitaan%2C%20L.%2C%20Curchitser%2C%20E.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Dussin%2C%20R.%20%282022%29.%20Physical-ecological%20response%20of%20the%20California%20Current%20System%20to%20ENSO%20events%20in%20ROMS-NEMURO.%20%3Ci%3EOcean%20Dynamics%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E72%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%281%29%2C%2021%26%23x2013%3B36.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1007%5C%2Fs10236-021-01490-9%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1007%5C%2Fs10236-021-01490-9%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Physical-ecological%20response%20of%20the%20California%20Current%20System%20to%20ENSO%20events%20in%20ROMS-NEMURO%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22N.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Cordero-Quiros%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Miller%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Y.%20C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pan%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22L.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Balitaan%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22E.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Curchitser%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Dussin%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22We%20analyze%20the%20bottom-up%20El%20Nino%5C%2FSouthern%20Oscillation%20%28ENSO%29%20driven%20physical-biological%20response%20of%20the%20California%20Current%20System%20%28CCS%29%20in%20a%20high-resolution%2C%20%5C%22eddy-scale%5C%22%20ocean%20model%20with%20multiple%20classes%20of%20phytoplankton%20and%20zooplankton%20forced%20with%20observed%20winds%20over%20the%20time%20period%201959-2007.%20The%20response%20of%20the%20sea%20surface%20temperature%20anomalies%20over%20the%20CCS%20is%20asymmetrical%2C%20with%20La%20Nina%20events%20being%20more%20consistently%20cold%20than%20El%20Nino%20events%20are%20consistently%20warm%2C%20which%20is%20in%20agreement%20with%20previous%20studies.%20The%20biogeochemical%20and%20ecological%20response%20is%20represented%20by%20ENSO%20composite%20anomalies%2C%20lag%20correlations%20with%20an%20ENSO%20index%2C%20and%20histograms%20for%20ENSO%20years.%20The%20results%20show%20trophic%20level%20interactions%20during%20El%20Nino%20and%20La%20Nina%20events%20in%20which%20the%20larger%20components%20%28diatoms%2C%20euphausiids%2C%20and%20copepods%29%20are%20suppressed%20in%20the%20coastal%20upwelling%20zones%20during%20El%20Nino%2C%20while%20the%20smaller%20components%20%28flagellates%20and%20ciliates%29%20are%20enhanced.%20In%20addition%2C%20standing%20eddies%20of%20the%20CCS%20modulate%20the%20latitudinal%20structure%20of%20the%20ecological%20response%20to%20ENSO.%20The%20results%20point%20towards%20future%20research%20to%20understand%20how%20bottom-up%20changes%20may%20lead%20to%20variability%20of%20patterns%20in%20ecological%20response%2C%20including%20fish%20populations%20and%20top%20predators.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222022%5C%2F01%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22English%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1007%5C%2Fs10236-021-01490-9%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221616-7341%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22R4DENPGW%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-06-22T16%3A53%3A37Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%2276ES99X7%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Kumar%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222021-05%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A14%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EKumar%2C%20N.%2C%20Lerczak%2C%20J.%20A.%2C%20Xu%2C%20T.%20T.%2C%20Waterhouse%2C%20A.%20F.%2C%20Thomson%2C%20J.%2C%20Terrill%2C%20E.%20J.%2C%20Swann%2C%20C.%2C%20Suanda%2C%20S.%20H.%2C%20Spydell%2C%20M.%20S.%2C%20Smit%2C%20P.%20B.%2C%20Simpson%2C%20A.%2C%20Romeiser%2C%20R.%2C%20Pierce%2C%20S.%20D.%2C%20de%20Paolo%2C%20T.%2C%20Paloczy%2C%20A.%2C%20O%26%23x2019%3BDea%2C%20A.%2C%20Nyman%2C%20L.%2C%20Moum%2C%20J.%20N.%2C%20Moulton%2C%20M.%2C%20%26%23x2026%3B%20Ahn%2C%20S.%20%282021%29.%20The%20Inner-Shelf%20Dynamics%20Experiment.%20%3Ci%3EBulletin%20of%20the%20American%20Meteorological%20Society%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E102%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%285%29%2C%20E1033%26%23x2013%3BE1063.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1175%5C%2Fbams-d-19-0281.1%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1175%5C%2Fbams-d-19-0281.1%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22The%20Inner-Shelf%20Dynamics%20Experiment%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22N.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kumar%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lerczak%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22T.%20T.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Xu%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%20F.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Waterhouse%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Thomson%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22E.%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Terrill%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Swann%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22S.%20H.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Suanda%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%20S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Spydell%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22P.%20B.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Smit%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Simpson%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Romeiser%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22S.%20D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pierce%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22T.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22de%20Paolo%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Paloczy%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22O%27Dea%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22L.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Nyman%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%20N.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Moum%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Moulton%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Moore%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Miller%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22R.%20S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Mieras%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22S.%20T.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Merrifield%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22K.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Melville%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22McSweeney%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22MacMahan%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22MacKinnon%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22B.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lund%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22E.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Di%20Lorenzo%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22L.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lenain%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kovatch%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22T.%20T.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Janssen%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22S.%20R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Haney%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%20C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Haller%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22K.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Haas%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22D.%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Grimes%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22H.%20C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Graber%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%20K.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Gough%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22D.%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Fertitta%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22F.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Feddersen%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22C.%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Edwards%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22W.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Crawford%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Colosi%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22C.%20C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Chickadel%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Celona%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Calantoni%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22E.%20F.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Braithwaite%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Becherer%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Barth%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ahn%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22The%20inner%20shelf%2C%20the%20transition%20zone%20between%20the%20surfzone%20and%20the%20midshelf%2C%20is%20a%20dynamically%20complex%20region%20with%20the%20evolution%20of%20circulation%20and%20stratification%20driven%20by%20multiple%20physical%20processes.%20Cross-shelf%20exchange%20through%20the%20inner%20shelf%20has%20important%20implications%20for%20coastal%20water%20quality%2C%20ecological%20connectivity%2C%20and%20lateral%20movement%20of%20sediment%20and%20heat.%20The%20Inner-Shelf%20Dynamics%20Experiment%20%28ISDE%29%20was%20an%20intensive%2C%20coordinated%2C%20multi-institution%20field%20experiment%20from%20September-October%202017%2C%20conducted%20from%20the%20midshelf%2C%20through%20the%20inner%20shelf%2C%20and%20into%20the%20surfzone%20near%20Point%20Sal%2C%20California.%20Satellite%2C%20airborne%2C%20shore-%20and%20ship-based%20remote%20sensing%2C%20in-water%20moorings%20and%20ship-based%20sampling%2C%20and%20numerical%20ocean%20circulation%20models%20forced%20by%20winds%2C%20waves%2C%20and%20tides%20were%20used%20to%20investigate%20the%20dynamics%20governing%20the%20circulation%20and%20transport%20in%20the%20inner%20shelf%20and%20the%20role%20of%20coastline%20variability%20on%20regional%20circulation%20dynamics.%20Here%2C%20the%20following%20physical%20processes%20are%20highlighted%3A%20internal%20wave%20dynamics%20from%20the%20midshelf%20to%20the%20inner%20shelf%3B%20flow%20separation%20and%20eddy%20shedding%20off%20Point%20Sal%3B%20offshore%20ejection%20of%20surfzone%20waters%20from%20rip%20currents%3B%20and%20wind-driven%20subtidal%20circulation%20dynamics.%20The%20extensive%20dataset%20from%20ISDE%20allows%20for%20unprecedented%20investigations%20into%20the%20role%20of%20physical%20processes%20in%20creating%20spatial%20heterogeneity%2C%20and%20nonlinear%20interactions%20between%20various%20inner-shelf%20physical%20processes.%20Overall%2C%20the%20highly%20spatially%20and%20temporally%20resolved%20oceanographic%20measurements%20and%20numerical%20simulations%20of%20ISDE%20provide%20a%20central%20framework%20for%20studies%20exploring%20this%20complex%20and%20fascinating%20region%20of%20the%20ocean.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222021%5C%2F05%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1175%5C%2Fbams-d-19-0281.1%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220003-0007%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%228P36D8SK%22%2C%22R4DENPGW%22%2C%222F3FBK29%22%2C%22ZWQ774MD%22%2C%22HQ6RCFI9%22%2C%22ICWHWMBC%22%2C%22AESGNTM6%22%2C%22P2Q52LDE%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222023-05-03T22%3A52%3A31Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22SBRRTJAU%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Pezzi%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222021-05%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A2%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EPezzi%2C%20L.%20P.%2C%20de%20Souza%2C%20R.%20B.%2C%20Santini%2C%20M.%20F.%2C%20%3Cstrong%3EMiller%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20A.%20J.%2C%20Carvalho%2C%20J.%20T.%2C%20Parise%2C%20C.%20K.%2C%20Quadro%2C%20M.%20F.%2C%20Rosa%2C%20E.%20B.%2C%20Justino%2C%20F.%2C%20Sutil%2C%20U.%20A.%2C%20Cabrera%2C%20M.%20J.%2C%20Babanin%2C%20A.%20V.%2C%20Voermans%2C%20J.%2C%20Nascimento%2C%20E.%20L.%2C%20Alves%2C%20R.%20C.%20M.%2C%20Munchow%2C%20G.%20B.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Rubert%2C%20J.%20%282021%29.%20Oceanic%20eddy-induced%20modifications%20to%20air-sea%20heat%20and%20CO2%20fluxes%20in%20the%20Brazil-Malvinas%20Confluence.%20%3Ci%3EScientific%20Reports%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E11%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%281%29%2C%2015.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1038%5C%2Fs41598-021-89985-9%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1038%5C%2Fs41598-021-89985-9%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Oceanic%20eddy-induced%20modifications%20to%20air-sea%20heat%20and%20CO2%20fluxes%20in%20the%20Brazil-Malvinas%20Confluence%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22L.%20P.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pezzi%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22R.%20B.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22de%20Souza%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%20F.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Santini%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Miller%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%20T.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Carvalho%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22C.%20K.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Parise%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%20F.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Quadro%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22E.%20B.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Rosa%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22F.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Justino%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22U.%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Sutil%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Cabrera%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%20V.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Babanin%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Voermans%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22E.%20L.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Nascimento%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22R.%20C.%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Alves%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22G.%20B.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Munchow%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Rubert%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Sea%20surface%20temperature%20%28SST%29%20anomalies%20caused%20by%20a%20warm%20core%20eddy%20%28WCE%29%20in%20the%20Southwestern%20Atlantic%20Ocean%20%28SWA%29%20rendered%20a%20crucial%20influence%20on%20modifying%20the%20marine%20atmospheric%20boundary%20layer%20%28MABL%29.%20During%20the%20first%20cruise%20to%20support%20the%20Antarctic%20Modeling%20and%20Observation%20System%20%28ATMOS%29%20project%2C%20a%20WCE%20that%20was%20shed%20from%20the%20Brazil%20Current%20was%20sampled.%20Apart%20from%20traditional%20meteorological%20measurements%2C%20we%20used%20the%20Eddy%20Covariance%20method%20to%20directly%20measure%20the%20ocean-atmosphere%20sensible%20heat%2C%20latent%20heat%2C%20momentum%2C%20and%20carbon%20dioxide%20%28CO2%29%20fluxes.%20The%20mechanisms%20of%20pressure%20adjustment%20and%20vertical%20mixing%20that%20can%20make%20the%20MABL%20unstable%20were%20both%20identified.%20The%20WCE%20also%20acted%20to%20increase%20the%20surface%20winds%20and%20heat%20fluxes%20from%20the%20ocean%20to%20the%20atmosphere.%20Oceanic%20regions%20at%20middle%20and%20high%20latitudes%20are%20expected%20to%20absorb%20atmospheric%20CO2%2C%20and%20are%20thereby%20considered%20as%20sinks%2C%20due%20to%20their%20cold%20waters.%20Instead%2C%20the%20presence%20of%20this%20WCE%20in%20midlatitudes%2C%20surrounded%20by%20predominantly%20cold%20waters%2C%20caused%20the%20ocean%20to%20locally%20act%20as%20a%20CO2%20source.%20The%20contribution%20to%20the%20atmosphere%20was%20estimated%20as%200.3%20%2B%5C%2F-%200.04%20mmol%20m%28-2%29%20day%28-1%29%2C%20averaged%20over%20the%20sampling%20period.%20The%20CO2%20transfer%20velocity%20coefficient%20%28K%29%20was%20determined%20using%20a%20quadratic%20fit%20and%20showed%20an%20adequate%20representation%20of%20ocean-atmosphere%20fluxes.%20The%20ocean-atmosphere%20CO2%2C%20momentum%2C%20and%20heat%20fluxes%20were%20each%20closely%20correlated%20with%20the%20SST.%20The%20increase%20of%20SST%20inside%20the%20WCE%20clearly%20resulted%20in%20larger%20magnitudes%20of%20all%20of%20the%20ocean-atmosphere%20fluxes%20studied%20here.%20This%20study%20adds%20to%20our%20understanding%20of%20how%20oceanic%20mesoscale%20structures%2C%20such%20as%20this%20WCE%2C%20affect%20the%20overlying%20atmosphere.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222021%5C%2F05%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22English%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1038%5C%2Fs41598-021-89985-9%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%222045-2322%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22R4DENPGW%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-06-22T16%3A53%3A36Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22YGGL3VHN%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Sun%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222021-03%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A10%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ESun%2C%20R.%2C%20Subramanian%2C%20A.%20C.%2C%20Cornuelle%2C%20B.%20D.%2C%20Mazloff%2C%20M.%20R.%2C%20%3Cstrong%3EMiller%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20A.%20J.%2C%20Ralph%2C%20F.%20M.%2C%20Seo%2C%20H.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Hoteit%2C%20I.%20%282021%29.%20The%20role%20of%20air-sea%20interactions%20in%20atmospheric%20rivers%3A%20Case%20studies%20using%20the%20SKRIPS%20regional%20coupled%20model.%20%3Ci%3EJournal%20of%20Geophysical%20Research-Atmospheres%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E126%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%286%29.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1029%5C%2F2020jd032885%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1029%5C%2F2020jd032885%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22The%20role%20of%20air-sea%20interactions%20in%20atmospheric%20rivers%3A%20Case%20studies%20using%20the%20SKRIPS%20regional%20coupled%20model%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Sun%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%20C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Subramanian%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22B.%20D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Cornuelle%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%20R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Mazloff%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Miller%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22F.%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ralph%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22H.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Seo%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22I.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hoteit%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Atmospheric%20rivers%20%28ARs%29%20play%20a%20key%20role%20in%20California%27s%20water%20supply%20and%20are%20responsible%20for%20most%20of%20the%20extreme%20precipitation%20and%20major%20flooding%20along%20the%20west%20coast%20of%20North%20America.%20Given%20the%20high%20societal%20impact%2C%20it%20is%20critical%20to%20improve%20our%20understanding%20and%20prediction%20of%20ARs.%20This%20study%20uses%20a%20regional%20coupled%20ocean-atmosphere%20modeling%20system%20to%20make%20hindcasts%20of%20ARs%20up%20to%2014%20days.%20Two%20groups%20of%20coupled%20runs%20are%20highlighted%20in%20the%20comparison%3A%20%281%29%20ARs%20occurring%20during%20times%20with%20strong%20sea%20surface%20temperature%20%28SST%29%20cooling%20and%20%282%29%20ARs%20occurring%20during%20times%20with%20weak%20SST%20cooling.%20During%20the%20events%20with%20strong%20SST%20cooling%2C%20the%20coupled%20model%20simulates%20strong%20upward%20air-sea%20heat%20fluxes%20associated%20with%20ARs%3B%20on%20the%20other%20hand%2C%20when%20the%20SST%20cooling%20is%20weak%2C%20the%20coupled%20model%20simulates%20downward%20air-sea%20heat%20fluxes%20in%20the%20AR%20region.%20Validation%20data%20shows%20that%20the%20coupled%20model%20skillfully%20reproduces%20the%20evolving%20SST%2C%20as%20well%20as%20the%20surface%20turbulent%20heat%20transfers%20between%20the%20ocean%20and%20atmosphere.%20The%20roles%20of%20air-sea%20interactions%20in%20AR%20events%20are%20investigated%20by%20comparing%20coupled%20model%20hindcasts%20to%20hindcasts%20made%20using%20persistent%20SST.%20To%20evaluate%20the%20influence%20of%20the%20ocean%20on%20ARs%20we%20analyze%20two%20representative%20variables%20of%20AR%20intensity%2C%20the%20vertically%20integrated%20water%20vapor%20%28IWV%29%20and%20integrated%20vapor%20transport%20%28IVT%29.%20During%20strong%20SST%20cooling%20AR%20events%20the%20simulated%20IWV%20is%20improved%20by%20about%2012%25%20in%20the%20coupled%20run%20at%20lead%20times%20greater%20than%20one%20week.%20For%20IVT%2C%20which%20is%20about%20twice%20more%20variable%2C%20the%20improvement%20in%20the%20coupled%20run%20is%20about%205%25.%20Plain%20Language%20Summary%20Atmospheric%20rivers%20%28ARs%29%20play%20a%20key%20role%20in%20extreme%20precipitation%20along%20the%20west%20coast%20of%20North%20America.%20Because%20of%20their%20important%20societal%20impact%2C%20an%20improved%20understanding%20of%20ARs%20is%20critical.%20In%20the%20present%20work%2C%20we%20use%20a%20coupled%20ocean-atmosphere%20modeling%20system%20to%20investigate%20the%20role%20of%20air-sea%20interactions%20in%20simulating%20ARs.%20We%20highlight%20two%20groups%20in%20our%20simulations%20for%20which%20the%20ocean%27s%20response%20to%20ARs%20differs.%20One%20group%20is%20associated%20with%20strong%20ocean%20cooling%2C%20where%20the%20ocean%20cools%20everywhere.%20The%20other%20group%20is%20associated%20with%20weak%20ocean%20cooling%2C%20where%20the%20ARs%20can%20warm%20part%20of%20the%20ocean.%20We%20investigate%20the%20AR%20water%20vapor%20content%20and%20transport%20to%20evaluate%20the%20ocean%27s%20impact%20on%20ARs.%20We%20find%20that%20the%20coupled%20model%20better%20simulates%20the%20air-sea%20exchanges%20and%20AR%20water%20vapor%20content.%20The%20improvements%20are%20more%20significant%20during%20the%20AR%20events%20associated%20with%20strong%20ocean%20cooling.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222021%5C%2F03%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1029%5C%2F2020jd032885%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%222169-897X%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22TFFGCZNI%22%2C%22R4DENPGW%22%2C%22P6BBM9XF%22%2C%223BVIFSK4%22%2C%22NWLRM2I3%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222024-04-12T20%3A11%3A45Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22NTB4D9FL%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Ajoku%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222021-01%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A4%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EAjoku%2C%20O.%20F.%2C%20%3Cstrong%3EMiller%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20A.%20J.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Norris%2C%20J.%20R.%20%282021%29.%20Impacts%20of%20aerosols%20produced%20by%20biomass%20burning%20on%20the%20stratocumulus-to-cumulus%20transition%20in%20the%20equatorial%20Atlantic.%20%3Ci%3EAtmospheric%20Science%20Letters%3C%5C%2Fi%3E.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1002%5C%2Fasl.1025%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1002%5C%2Fasl.1025%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Impacts%20of%20aerosols%20produced%20by%20biomass%20burning%20on%20the%20stratocumulus-to-cumulus%20transition%20in%20the%20equatorial%20Atlantic%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22O.%20F.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ajoku%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Miller%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%20R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Norris%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22The%20impact%20of%20aerosols%20produced%20by%20biomass%20burning%20on%20the%20stratocumulus-to-cumulus%20transition%20%28SCT%29%20in%20the%20equatorial%20Atlantic%20is%20studied%20using%20satellite-based%20and%20reanalysis%20data%20for%20the%20month%20of%20June.%20The%20month%20of%20June%20is%20highlighted%20because%20it%20represents%20monsoon%20onset%20as%20well%20as%20the%20largest%20sea%20surface%20temperature%20gradient%20in%20the%20summer%2C%20which%20is%20the%20peak%20season%20of%20tropical%20African%20biomass%20burning.%20Boundary%20layer%20deepening%20and%20increasing%20temperatures%20put%20the%20location%20of%20the%20SCT%20within%20the%20Gulf%20of%20Guinea.%20Satellite%20retrievals%20indicate%20that%20the%20bulk%20of%20aerosols%20occur%20near%201%2C500%20m%20in%20altitude%2C%20either%20above%20or%20below%20the%20boundary%20layer%20depending%20on%20latitudinal%20position.%20Changes%20in%20smoke%20loading%20over%20the%20Gulf%20of%20Guinea%20due%20to%20greater%20transport%20from%20southern%20Africa%20leads%20to%20increases%20in%20low-level%20cloud%20cover%20above%20cloud%20decks%20and%20decreases%20when%20mixed%20within%20the%20boundary%20layer.%20Further%20south%2C%20we%20find%20significant%20changes%20to%20temperature%2C%20cloud%20top%20height%2C%20tropospheric%20stability%20and%20moisture%20availability%20near%20maximum%20aerosol%20loading.%20In%20addition%2C%20changes%20in%20vertical%20velocity%20during%20dirty%20conditions%20further%20reinforce%20changes%20in%20tropospheric%20stability.%20These%20effects%20combine%20to%20shorten%20the%20SCT%20in%20space%20during%20increased%20aerosol%20loading%20episodes.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222021%5C%2F01%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1002%5C%2Fasl.1025%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221530-261X%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22R4DENPGW%22%2C%22F2EHYIBZ%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-08-16T20%3A42%3A45Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22A7TAHNCD%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Amaya%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222021-01%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A2%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EAmaya%2C%20D.%20J.%2C%20Alexander%2C%20M.%20A.%2C%20Capotondi%2C%20A.%2C%20Deser%2C%20C.%2C%20Karnauskas%2C%20K.%20B.%2C%20%3Cstrong%3EMiller%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20A.%20J.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Mantua%2C%20N.%20J.%20%282021%29.%20Are%20long-term%20changes%20in%20mixed%20layer%20depth%20influencing%20North%20Pacific%20marine%20heatwaves%3F%20%3Ci%3EBulletin%20of%20the%20American%20Meteorological%20Society%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E102%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%281%29%2C%20S59%26%23x2013%3BS66.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1175%5C%2Fbams-d-20-0144.1%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1175%5C%2Fbams-d-20-0144.1%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Are%20long-term%20changes%20in%20mixed%20layer%20depth%20influencing%20North%20Pacific%20marine%20heatwaves%3F%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22D.%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Amaya%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Alexander%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Capotondi%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Deser%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22K.%20B.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Karnauskas%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Miller%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22N.%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Mantua%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222021%5C%2F01%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1175%5C%2Fbams-d-20-0144.1%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220003-0007%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22R4DENPGW%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-06-22T16%3A53%3A31Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22NJIGCVL9%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Schmidt%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222020-08%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A2%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ESchmidt%2C%20D.%20F.%2C%20Amaya%2C%20D.%20J.%2C%20Grise%2C%20K.%20M.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20%3Cstrong%3EMiller%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20A.%20J.%20%282020%29.%20Impacts%20of%20Shifting%20Subtropical%20Highs%20on%20the%20California%20Current%20and%20Canary%20Current%20Systems.%20%3Ci%3EGeophysical%20Research%20Letters%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E47%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2815%29.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1029%5C%2F2020gl088996%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1029%5C%2F2020gl088996%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Impacts%20of%20Shifting%20Subtropical%20Highs%20on%20the%20California%20Current%20and%20Canary%20Current%20Systems%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22D.%20F.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Schmidt%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22D.%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Amaya%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22K.%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Grise%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Miller%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Upwelling%20in%20eastern%20boundary%20current%20regions%20is%20crucial%20to%20bringing%20nutrient-rich%20water%20to%20the%20photic%20zone%20and%20supporting%20the%20associated%20ecosystems.%20This%20upwelling%20is%20a%20result%20of%20the%20wind-driven%20ocean%20circulation%20and%20is%20therefore%20susceptible%20to%20changes%20in%20the%20atmospheric%20circulation.%20We%20use%20the%20Community%20Earth%20System%20Model%20and%20observational%20data%20to%20explore%20the%20response%20of%20upwelling%20in%20the%20California%20Current%20and%20Canary%20Current%20systems%20to%20shifts%20in%20the%20Northern%20Hemisphere%20subtropical%20high-pressure%20systems.%20We%20find%20that%20shifts%20in%20the%20North%20Pacific%20subtropical%20high%20explain%20a%20substantial%20fraction%20of%20both%20the%20short-term%20variability%20and%20projected%20trend%20in%20upwelling%20in%20the%20California%20Current%20system%20during%20boreal%20summer.%20By%20contrast%2C%20the%20Canary%20Current%20system%20is%20less%20affected%20by%20shifts%20of%20the%20North%20Atlantic%20subtropical%20high%2C%20mostly%20because%20the%20strongest%20wind%20anomalies%20associated%20with%20shifts%20of%20this%20high-pressure%20system%20occur%20too%20far%20north.%20We%20also%20find%20little%20impact%20from%20the%20Northern%20Hemisphere%20Hadley%20cell.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222020%5C%2F08%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1029%5C%2F2020gl088996%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220094-8276%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22R4DENPGW%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-06-22T16%3A53%3A34Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22X95W53KN%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Jacox%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222020-04%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A4%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EJacox%2C%20M.%20G.%2C%20Alexander%2C%20M.%20A.%2C%20Siedlecki%2C%20S.%2C%20Chen%2C%20K.%2C%20Kwon%2C%20Y.%20O.%2C%20Brodie%2C%20S.%2C%20Ortiz%2C%20I.%2C%20Tommasi%2C%20D.%2C%20Widlansky%2C%20M.%20J.%2C%20Barrie%2C%20D.%2C%20Capotondi%2C%20A.%2C%20Cheng%2C%20W.%2C%20Di%20Lorenzo%2C%20E.%2C%20Edwards%2C%20C.%2C%20Fiechter%2C%20J.%2C%20Fratantoni%2C%20P.%2C%20Hazen%2C%20E.%20L.%2C%20Hermann%2C%20A.%20J.%2C%20Kumar%2C%20A.%2C%20%26%23x2026%3B%20Rykaczewski%2C%20R.%20%282020%29.%20Seasonal-to-interannual%20prediction%20of%20North%20American%20coastal%20marine%20ecosystems%3A%20Forecast%20methods%2C%20mechanisms%20of%20predictability%2C%20and%20priority%20developments.%20%3Ci%3EProgress%20in%20Oceanography%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E183%3C%5C%2Fi%3E.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.pocean.2020.102307%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.pocean.2020.102307%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Seasonal-to-interannual%20prediction%20of%20North%20American%20coastal%20marine%20ecosystems%3A%20Forecast%20methods%2C%20mechanisms%20of%20predictability%2C%20and%20priority%20developments%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%20G.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Jacox%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Alexander%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Siedlecki%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22K.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Chen%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Y.%20O.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kwon%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Brodie%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22I.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ortiz%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Tommasi%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Widlansky%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Barrie%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Capotondi%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22W.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Cheng%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22E.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Di%20Lorenzo%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Edwards%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Fiechter%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22P.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Fratantoni%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22E.%20L.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hazen%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hermann%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kumar%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Miller%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pirhalla%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%20P.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Buil%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ray%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22S.%20C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Sheridan%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Subramanian%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22P.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Thompson%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22L.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Thorne%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22H.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Annamalai%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22K.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Aydin%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22S.%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bograd%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22R.%20B.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Griffis%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22K.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kearney%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22H.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kim%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Mariotti%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Merrifield%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Rykaczewski%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Marine%20ecosystem%20forecasting%20is%20an%20area%20of%20active%20research%20and%20rapid%20development.%20Promise%20has%20been%20shown%20for%20skillful%20prediction%20of%20physical%2C%20biogeochemical%2C%20and%20ecological%20variables%20on%20a%20range%20of%20timescales%2C%20suggesting%20potential%20for%20forecasts%20to%20aid%20in%20the%20management%20of%20living%20marine%20resources%20and%20coastal%20communities.%20However%2C%20the%20mechanisms%20underlying%20forecast%20skill%20in%20marine%20ecosystems%20are%20often%20poorly%20understood%2C%20and%20many%20forecasts%2C%20especially%20for%20biological%20variables%2C%20rely%20on%20empirical%20statistical%20relationships%20developed%20from%20historical%20observations.%20Here%2C%20we%20review%20statistical%20and%20dynamical%20marine%20ecosystem%20forecasting%20methods%20and%20highlight%20examples%20of%20their%20application%20along%20U.S.%20coastlines%20for%20seasonal-to-interannual%20%281-24%20month%29%20prediction%20of%20properties%20ranging%20from%20coastal%20sea%20level%20to%20marine%20top%20predator%20distributions.%20We%20then%20describe%20known%20mechanisms%20governing%20marine%20ecosystem%20predictability%20and%20how%20they%20have%20been%20used%20in%20forecasts%20to%20date.%20These%20mechanisms%20include%20physical%20atmospheric%20and%20oceanic%20processes%2C%20biogeochemical%20and%20ecological%20responses%20to%20physical%20forcing%2C%20and%20intrinsic%20characteristics%20of%20species%20themselves.%20In%20reviewing%20the%20state%20of%20the%20knowledge%20on%20forecasting%20techniques%20and%20mechanisms%20underlying%20marine%20ecosystem%20predictability%2C%20we%20aim%20to%20facilitate%20forecast%20development%20and%20uptake%20by%20%28i%29%20identifying%20methods%20and%20processes%20that%20can%20be%20exploited%20for%20development%20of%20skillful%20regional%20forecasts%2C%20%28ii%29%20informing%20priorities%20for%20forecast%20development%20and%20verification%2C%20and%20%28iii%29%20improving%20understanding%20of%20conditional%20forecast%20skill%20%28i.e.%2C%20a%20priori%20knowledge%20of%20whether%20a%20forecast%20is%20likely%20to%20be%20skillful%29.%20While%20we%20focus%20primarily%20on%20coastal%20marine%20ecosystems%20surrounding%20North%20America%20%28and%20the%20U.S.%20in%20particular%29%2C%20we%20detail%20forecast%20methods%2C%20physical%20and%20biological%20mechanisms%2C%20and%20priority%20developments%20that%20are%20globally%20relevant.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222020%5C%2F04%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1016%5C%2Fj.pocean.2020.102307%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220079-6611%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22R4DENPGW%22%2C%22BJ844U2D%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-08-15T17%3A45%3A43Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22JK6FCXNP%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Hell%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222020-04%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A8%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EHell%2C%20M.%20C.%2C%20Gille%2C%20S.%20T.%2C%20Cornuelle%2C%20B.%20D.%2C%20%3Cstrong%3EMiller%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20A.%20J.%2C%20Bromirski%2C%20P.%20D.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Crawford%2C%20A.%20D.%20%282020%29.%20Estimating%20Southern%20Ocean%20storm%20positions%20with%20seismic%20observations.%20%3Ci%3EJournal%20of%20Geophysical%20Research-Oceans%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E125%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%284%29.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1029%5C%2F2019jc015898%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1029%5C%2F2019jc015898%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Estimating%20Southern%20Ocean%20storm%20positions%20with%20seismic%20observations%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%20C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hell%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22S.%20T.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Gille%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22B.%20D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Cornuelle%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Miller%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22P.%20D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bromirski%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%20D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Crawford%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Surface%20winds%20from%20Southern%20Ocean%20cyclones%20generate%20large%20waves%20that%20travel%20over%20long%20distances%20%28%3E1%2C000%20km%29.%20Wave%20generation%20regions%20are%20often%20colocated%20with%20enhanced%20air-sea%20fluxes%20and%20upper%20ocean%20mixing.%20Ocean%20wave%20spectra%20contain%20information%20about%20storm%20wind%20speed%2C%20fetch%20size%2C%20and%20intensity%20at%20their%20generation%20site.%20Two%20years%20of%20seismic%20observations%20on%20the%20Ross%20Ice%20shelf%2C%20combined%20with%20modern%20optimization%20%28machine%20learning%29%20techniques%2C%20are%20used%20to%20trace%20the%20origins%20of%20wave%20events%20in%20the%20Southern%20Ocean%20with%20an%20accuracy%20of%20110%20km%20and%202%20hr%20from%20a%20hypothetical%20point%20source.%20The%20observed%20spectral%20energy%20attenuated%20within%20sea%20ice%20and%20in%20the%20ice%20shelf%20but%20retains%20characteristics%20that%20can%20be%20compared%20to%20parametric%20wave%20models.%20Comparison%20with%20the%20Modern-Era%20Retrospective%20Analysis%20for%20Research%20and%20Applications%2C%20Version%202%2C%20and%20ERA5%20reanalyses%20suggests%20that%20less%20than%2045%25%20of%20ocean%20swell%20events%20can%20be%20associated%20with%20individual%20Southern%20Ocean%20storms%2C%20while%20the%20majority%20of%20the%20observed%20wave%20events%20cannot%20be%20matched%20with%20Southern%20Ocean%20high%20wind%20events.%20Reanalysis%20cyclones%20and%20winds%20are%20often%20displaced%20by%20about%20350%20km%20or%2010%20hr%20in%20Modern-Era%20Retrospective%20Analysis%20for%20Research%20and%20Applications%2C%20Version%202%2C%20and%20ERA5%20compared%20to%20the%20most%20likely%20positions%20inferred%20from%20the%20seismic%20spectra.%20This%20high%20fraction%20of%20displaced%20storms%20in%20reanalysis%20products%20over%20the%20South%20Pacific%20can%20be%20explained%20by%20the%20limited%20availability%20of%20remote%20sensing%20observations%2C%20primarily%20caused%20by%20the%20presence%20of%20sea%20ice.%20Deviation%20of%20wave%20rays%20from%20their%20great%20circle%20path%20by%20wave-current%20interaction%20plays%20a%20minor%20role.%20Plain%20Language%20Summary%20Surface%20winds%20under%20storms%20over%20the%20Southern%20Ocean%20make%20large%20ocean%20waves%20that%20travel%20over%20long%20distances%20%28%3E1%2C000%20km%29.%20Regions%20of%20wave%20generation%20coincide%20with%20regions%20where%20ocean%20uptake%20of%20heat%20and%20CO2%20is%20large%2C%20so%20knowledge%20about%20wave%20generation%20regions%20helps%20us%20to%20understand%20the%20role%20of%20the%20Southern%20Ocean%20in%20the%20climate%20system.%20A%202-year%20field%20campaign%20made%20new%20observations%20of%20ocean%20wave%20arrivals%20at%20the%20Ross%20Ice%20Shelf.%20These%20observations%20are%20used%20to%20trace%20the%20origins%20of%20the%20wave%20events%20in%20the%20Southern%20Ocean.%20Even%20though%20the%20waves%20observed%20in%20the%20sea%20ice%20are%20much%20smaller%20than%20in%20the%20open%20ocean%2C%20the%20observations%20are%20good%20enough%20to%20identify%20ocean%20waves.%20The%20wave%20arrivals%20can%20be%20used%20to%20infer%20a%20most%20likely%20time%20and%20location%20of%20the%20storm%20that%20generated%20the%20waves.%20Comparison%20with%20two%20reanalysis%20products%20%28Modern-Era%20Retrospective%20Analysis%20for%20Research%20and%20Applications%2C%20Version%202%2C%20and%20ERA5%29%20suggests%20that%20more%20than%20half%20of%20the%20observed%20ocean%20wave%20events%20cannot%20be%20matched%20to%20individual%20Southern%20Ocean%20storms.%20This%20high%20percentage%20of%20displaced%20storms%20in%20the%20reanalysis%20products%20can%20be%20explained%20by%20the%20limited%20availability%20of%20satellite%20observations%20caused%20by%20the%20presence%20of%20sea%20ice.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222020%5C%2F04%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1029%5C%2F2019jc015898%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%222169-9275%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WQ4Y333C%22%2C%22TFFGCZNI%22%2C%22D2UAFEX5%22%2C%22R4DENPGW%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-08-15T17%3A46%3A09Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22IPPZS6YU%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Amaya%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222020-04%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A4%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EAmaya%2C%20D.%20J.%2C%20%3Cstrong%3EMiller%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20A.%20J.%2C%20Xie%2C%20S.%20P.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Kosaka%2C%20Y.%20%282020%29.%20Physical%20drivers%20of%20the%20summer%202019%20North%20Pacific%20marine%20heatwave.%20%3Ci%3ENature%20Communications%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E11%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%281%29.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1038%5C%2Fs41467-020-15820-w%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1038%5C%2Fs41467-020-15820-w%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Physical%20drivers%20of%20the%20summer%202019%20North%20Pacific%20marine%20heatwave%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22D.%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Amaya%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Miller%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22S.%20P.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Xie%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Y.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kosaka%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Summer%202019%20observations%20show%20a%20rapid%20resurgence%20of%20the%20Blob-like%20warm%20sea%20surface%20temperature%20%28SST%29%20anomalies%20that%20produced%20devastating%20marine%20impacts%20in%20the%20Northeast%20Pacific%20during%20winter%202013%5C%2F2014.%20Unlike%20the%20original%20Blob%2C%20Blob%202.0%20peaked%20in%20the%20summer%2C%20a%20season%20when%20little%20is%20known%20about%20the%20physical%20drivers%20of%20such%20events.%20We%20show%20that%20Blob%202.0%20primarily%20results%20from%20a%20prolonged%20weakening%20of%20the%20North%20Pacific%20High-Pressure%20System.%20This%20reduces%20surface%20winds%20and%20decreases%20evaporative%20cooling%20and%20wind-driven%20upper%20ocean%20mixing.%20Warmer%20ocean%20conditions%20then%20reduce%20low-cloud%20fraction%2C%20reinforcing%20the%20marine%20heatwave%20through%20a%20positive%20low-cloud%20feedback.%20Using%20an%20atmospheric%20model%20forced%20with%20observed%20SSTs%2C%20we%20also%20find%20that%20remote%20SST%20forcing%20from%20the%20central%20equatorial%20and%2C%20surprisingly%2C%20the%20subtropical%20North%20Pacific%20Ocean%20contribute%20to%20the%20weakened%20North%20Pacific%20High.%20Our%20multi-faceted%20analysis%20sheds%20light%20on%20the%20physical%20drivers%20governing%20the%20intensity%20and%20longevity%20of%20summertime%20North%20Pacific%20marine%20heatwaves.%20Marine%20heatwaves%20are%20threatening%20ocean%20ecosystems%20with%20increasing%20frequency%2C%20but%20their%20seasonal%20drivers%20are%20unknown.%20Here%2C%20the%20authors%20determine%20that%20summertime%20blobs%20of%20warm%20temperature%20anomalies%20in%20the%20Pacific%20occur%20as%20a%20result%20of%20prolonged%20weakening%20in%20the%20North%20Pacific%20High-Pressure%20System.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222020%5C%2F04%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1038%5C%2Fs41467-020-15820-w%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%222041-1723%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22F399VRET%22%2C%22R4DENPGW%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-08-05T16%3A16%3A47Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22Q3CWXHJ3%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Gopalakrishnan%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222020-02%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A4%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EGopalakrishnan%2C%20G.%2C%20Subramanian%2C%20A.%20C.%2C%20%3Cstrong%3EMiller%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20A.%20J.%2C%20Seo%2C%20H.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Sengupta%2C%20D.%20%282020%29.%20Estimation%20and%20prediction%20of%20the%20upper%20ocean%20circulation%20in%20the%20Bay%20of%20Bengal.%20%3Ci%3EDeep-Sea%20Research%20Part%20Ii-Topical%20Studies%20in%20Oceanography%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E172%3C%5C%2Fi%3E.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.dsr2.2019.104721%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.dsr2.2019.104721%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Estimation%20and%20prediction%20of%20the%20upper%20ocean%20circulation%20in%20the%20Bay%20of%20Bengal%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22G.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Gopalakrishnan%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%20C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Subramanian%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Miller%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22H.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Seo%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Sengupta%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22The%20upper%20ocean%20stratification%20and%20circulation%20in%20the%20Bay%20of%20Bengal%20%28BOB%29%20plays%20a%20key%20role%20in%20the%20northward%20propagating%20monsoon%20intraseasonal%20oscillation%20during%20the%20months%20of%20June-August.%20This%20region%20is%20highly%20influenced%20by%20strong%2C%20seasonal%20atmospheric%20forcing%20and%20the%20oceanic%20circulation%20is%20characterized%20by%20dominant%20mesoscale%20variability%20and%20strong%20horizontal%20gradients%20in%20salinity%20and%20temperature%20during%20the%20monsoon%20period.%20Given%20the%20role%20of%20the%20ocean%20in%20the%20monsoon%20circulation%2C%20it%20is%20important%20to%20investigate%20accurate%20ocean%20state%20estimates%20and%20forecasts%20of%20the%20BoB%20ocean%20circulation%20in%20preparation%20for%20coupled%20ocean-atmosphere%20modeling%20and%20predictions.%20Hence%2C%20we%20use%20a%20mesoscale-permitting%20regional%20implementation%20of%20Massachusetts%20Institute%20of%20Technology%20general%20circulation%20model%20%28MITgcm%29%20and%20its%20adjoint-based%20four-dimensional%20variational%20%284DVAR%29%20system%20to%20assimilate%20satellite-derived%20Sea%20Surface%20Height%20%28SSH%29%20and%20Sea%20Surface%20Temperature%20%28SST%29%20data%20in%20the%20BoB%20for%20a%20period%20of%20one%20month%20%28June%201%20-%2030%2C%202017%29.%20It%20is%20shown%20that%20the%20MITgcm-BoB%204DVAR%20assimilation%20system%20is%20able%20to%20significantly%20improve%20the%20model%20consistency%20with%20the%20assimilated%20observations%20in%20the%20BoB%20region%2C%20reducing%20the%20model-data%20misfit%20by%2050%25%20and%20provided%20a%20dynamically-consistent%20BoB%20ocean%20circulation%20for%20the%20one-month%20hindcast%20period.%20We%20performed%20forecasting%20experiments%20using%20the%20state%20estimate%20to%20initialize%20two%20forecasts%20for%20a%20period%20of%2030-days%20%28July%201-%2030%2C%202017%29%20from%20the%20end%20of%20the%20hindcast%20period.%20These%20forecasts%20used%20either%20atmosphere%20reanalysis%20and%20ocean%20analysis%20forcings%20or%20monthly%20climatology%20of%20atmosphere%20reanalysis%20and%20ocean%20analysis%20forcings.%20They%20therefore%20do%20not%20represent%20a%20%5C%22true%5C%22%20regional%20ocean%20forecast%2C%20forced%20using%20actual%20atmosphere%20and%20ocean%20forecasts%2C%20but%20bound%20the%20performance%20between%20climatological%20and%20nearly%20perfect%20forecasts.%20The%20model%20forecast%20is%20a%20cross-validation%20against%20future%20observations%20and%20showed%20that%20the%20initial%20conditions%20from%20the%20state%20estimate%20improves%20the%20prediction%20of%20the%20three-dimensional%20circulation%20in%20the%20BoB.%20The%20model%20hindcast%20and%20forecasts%20were%20also%20cross-validated%20against%20independent%20Argo%20temperature%20and%20salinity%20observations%20in%20the%20BoB.%20Additional%20state%20estimation%20and%20forecast%20experiments%20for%20other%20periods%20showed%20similar%20model%20performance%20with%20improved%20hindcasts%20and%20forecasts%20for%20the%20BoB%20region.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222020%5C%2F02%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1016%5C%2Fj.dsr2.2019.104721%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220967-0645%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22784978NX%22%2C%22R4DENPGW%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-08-15T18%3A36%3A47Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22T6IXHQYU%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Eliashiv%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222020-02%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A2%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EEliashiv%2C%20J.%2C%20Subramanian%2C%20A.%20C.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20%3Cstrong%3EMiller%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20A.%20J.%20%282020%29.%20A%20reliability%20budget%20analysis%20of%20CESM-DART.%20%3Ci%3EJournal%20of%20Advances%20in%20Modeling%20Earth%20Systems%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E12%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%282%29.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1029%5C%2F2019ms001678%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1029%5C%2F2019ms001678%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22A%20reliability%20budget%20analysis%20of%20CESM-DART%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Eliashiv%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%20C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Subramanian%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Miller%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22A%20reliability%20budget%20is%20used%20to%20diagnose%20potential%20sources%20of%20error%20%28departure%20from%20observations%29%20in%20a%20new%20prototype%20coupled%20ocean-atmosphere%20ensemble%20Kalman%20filter%20reanalysis%20product%2C%20the%20Community%20Earth%20System%20Model%20using%20the%20Data%20Assimilation%20Research%20Testbed%20%28CESM-DART%29.%20In%20areas%20with%20sufficient%20observations%2C%20the%20mean%20bias%20in%20zonal%20wind%20was%20generally%20very%20low%20compared%20to%20the%20spread%20due%20to%20ensemble%20variance%2C%20which%20did%20not%20exhibit%20patterns%20associated%20with%20Northern%20Hemisphere%20jet%20streams%20but%20did%20have%20regional%20enhancement%20over%20the%20Maritime%20Continent.%20However%2C%20the%20residual%20term%20was%20often%20the%20largest%20contributor%20to%20the%20budget%2C%20which%20is%20problematic%2C%20suggesting%20improper%20observational%20error%20statistics%20and%20inadequately%20represented%20ensemble%20variance%20statistics.%20The%20departure%20and%20residual%20exhibit%20significant%20seasonal%20variability%2C%20with%20a%20strong%20peak%20in%20boreal%20winter%20months%2C%20indicating%20the%20model%27s%20deficiencies%20during%20the%20energetic%20Northern%20Hemisphere%20winter.%20Ocean%20temperature%20contained%20large%20error%20in%20areas%20with%20eddy%20production%20indicating%20inadequate%20ensemble%20variance%20due%20to%20poor%20model%20resolution.%20Periods%20when%20the%20Madden-Julian%20Oscillation%20%28MJO%29%20was%20active%20exhibited%20lower%20error%2C%20especially%20in%20the%20western%20equatorial%20Pacific%20during%20MJO%20phases%20with%20reduced%20convection.%20In%20contrast%2C%20during%20MJO%20phases%20with%20enhanced%20convection%20in%20that%20region%2C%20the%20ensemble%20variance%20is%20increased%20yet%20the%20error%20is%20comparable%20to%20non-MJO%20conditions%2C%20suggesting%20a%20controlling%20effect%20of%20the%20precipitation%20parameterization.%20Further%20studies%20evaluating%20the%20impact%20of%20the%20coupled%20assimilation%20procedure%20on%20the%20reliability%20budget%20will%20be%20illuminating.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222020%5C%2F02%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1029%5C%2F2019ms001678%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22R4DENPGW%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-06-22T16%3A53%3A38Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22M65SXW6T%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Hell%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222019-11%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A8%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EHell%2C%20M.%20C.%2C%20Cornuelle%2C%20B.%20D.%2C%20Gille%2C%20S.%20T.%2C%20%3Cstrong%3EMiller%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20A.%20J.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Bromirski%2C%20P.%20D.%20%282019%29.%20Identifying%20ocean%20swell%20generation%20events%20from%20Ross%20Ice%20Shelf%20seismic%20data.%20%3Ci%3EJournal%20of%20Atmospheric%20and%20Oceanic%20Technology%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E36%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2811%29%2C%202171%26%23x2013%3B2189.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1175%5C%2Fjtech-d-19-0093.1%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1175%5C%2Fjtech-d-19-0093.1%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Identifying%20ocean%20swell%20generation%20events%20from%20Ross%20Ice%20Shelf%20seismic%20data%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%20C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hell%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22B.%20D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Cornuelle%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22S.%20T.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Gille%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Miller%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22P.%20D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bromirski%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Strong%20surface%20winds%20under%20extratropical%20cyclones%20exert%20intense%20surface%20stresses%20on%20the%20ocean%20that%20lead%20to%20upper-ocean%20mixing%2C%20intensified%20heat%20fluxes%2C%20and%20the%20generation%20of%20waves%2C%20that%2C%20over%20time%2C%20lead%20to%20swell%20waves%20%28longer%20than%2010-s%20period%29%20that%20travel%20long%20distances.%20Because%20low-frequency%20swell%20propagates%20faster%20than%20high-frequency%20swell%2C%20the%20frequency%20dependence%20of%20swell%20arrival%20times%20at%20a%20measurement%20site%20can%20be%20used%20to%20infer%20the%20distance%20and%20time%20that%20the%20wave%20has%20traveled%20from%20its%20generation%20site.%20This%20study%20presents%20a%20methodology%20that%20employs%20spectrograms%20of%20ocean%20swell%20from%20point%20observations%20on%20the%20Ross%20Ice%20Shelf%20%28RIS%29%20to%20verify%20the%20position%20of%20high%20wind%20speed%20areas%20over%20the%20Southern%20Ocean%2C%20and%20therefore%20of%20extratropical%20cyclones.%20The%20focus%20here%20is%20on%20the%20implementation%20and%20robustness%20of%20the%20methodology%20in%20order%20to%20lay%20the%20groundwork%20for%20future%20broad%20application%20to%20verify%20Southern%20Ocean%20storm%20positions%20from%20atmospheric%20reanalysis%20data.%20The%20method%20developed%20here%20combines%20linear%20swell%20dispersion%20with%20a%20parametric%20wave%20model%20to%20construct%20a%20time-%20and%20frequency-dependent%20model%20of%20the%20dispersed%20swell%20arrivals%20in%20spectrograms%20of%20seismic%20observations%20on%20the%20RIS.%20A%20two-step%20optimization%20procedure%20%28deep%20learning%29%20of%20gradient%20descent%20and%20Monte%20Carlo%20sampling%20allows%20detailed%20estimates%20of%20the%20parameter%20distributions%2C%20with%20robust%20estimates%20of%20swell%20origins.%20Median%20uncertainties%20of%20swell%20source%20locations%20are%20110%20km%20in%20radial%20distance%20and%202%20h%20in%20time.%20The%20uncertainties%20are%20derived%20from%20RIS%20observations%20and%20the%20model%2C%20rather%20than%20an%20assumed%20distribution.%20This%20method%20is%20an%20example%20of%20supervised%20machine%20learning%20informed%20by%20physical%20first%20principles%20in%20order%20to%20facilitate%20parameter%20interpretation%20in%20the%20physical%20domain.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222019%5C%2F11%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1175%5C%2Fjtech-d-19-0093.1%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220739-0572%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WQ4Y333C%22%2C%22TFFGCZNI%22%2C%22D2UAFEX5%22%2C%22R4DENPGW%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-08-05T16%3A19%3A42Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%226FYEZ5W5%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Sun%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222019-10%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A8%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ESun%2C%20R.%2C%20Subramanian%2C%20A.%20C.%2C%20%3Cstrong%3EMiller%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20A.%20J.%2C%20Mazloff%2C%20M.%20R.%2C%20Hoteit%2C%20I.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Cornuelle%2C%20B.%20D.%20%282019%29.%20SKRIPS%20v1.0%3A%20a%20regional%20coupled%20ocean-atmosphere%20modeling%20framework%20%28MITgcm-WRF%29%20using%20ESMF%5C%2FNUOPC%2C%20description%20and%20preliminary%20results%20for%20the%20Red%20Sea.%20%3Ci%3EGeoscientific%20Model%20Development%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E12%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2810%29%2C%204221%26%23x2013%3B4244.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.5194%5C%2Fgmd-12-4221-2019%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.5194%5C%2Fgmd-12-4221-2019%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22SKRIPS%20v1.0%3A%20a%20regional%20coupled%20ocean-atmosphere%20modeling%20framework%20%28MITgcm-WRF%29%20using%20ESMF%5C%2FNUOPC%2C%20description%20and%20preliminary%20results%20for%20the%20Red%20Sea%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Sun%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%20C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Subramanian%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Miller%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%20R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Mazloff%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22I.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hoteit%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22B.%20D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Cornuelle%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22A%20new%20regional%20coupled%20ocean-atmosphere%20model%20is%20developed%20and%20its%20implementation%20is%20presented%20in%20this%20paper.%20The%20coupled%20model%20is%20based%20on%20two%20open-source%20community%20model%20components%3A%20the%20MITgcm%20ocean%20model%20and%20the%20Weather%20Research%20and%20Forecasting%20%28WRF%29%20atmosphere%20model.%20The%20coupling%20between%20these%20components%20is%20performed%20using%20ESMF%20%28Earth%20System%20Modeling%20Framework%29%20and%20implemented%20according%20to%20National%20United%20Operational%20Prediction%20Capability%20%28NUOPC%29%20protocols.%20The%20coupled%20model%20is%20named%20the%20Scripps-KAUST%20Regional%20Integrated%20Prediction%20System%20%28SKRIPS%29.%20SKRIPS%20is%20demonstrated%20with%20a%20real-world%20example%20by%20simulating%20a%2030%20d%20period%20including%20a%20series%20of%20extreme%20heat%20events%20occurring%20on%20the%20eastern%20shore%20of%20the%20Red%20Sea%20region%20in%20June%202012.%20The%20results%20obtained%20by%20using%20the%20coupled%20model%2C%20along%20with%20those%20in%20forced%20stand-alone%20oceanic%20or%20atmospheric%20simulations%2C%20are%20compared%20with%20observational%20data%20and%20reanalysis%20products.%20We%20show%20that%20the%20coupled%20model%20is%20capable%20of%20performing%20coupled%20ocean-atmosphere%20simulations%2C%20although%20all%20configurations%20of%20coupled%20and%20uncoupled%20models%20have%20good%20skill%20in%20modeling%20the%20heat%20events.%20In%20addition%2C%20a%20scalability%20test%20is%20performed%20to%20investigate%20the%20parallelization%20of%20the%20coupled%20model.%20The%20results%20indicate%20that%20the%20coupled%20model%20code%20scales%20well%20and%20the%20ESMF%5C%2FNUOPC%20coupler%20accounts%20for%20less%20than%205%25%20of%20the%20total%20computational%20resources%20in%20the%20Red%20Sea%20test%20case.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222019%5C%2F10%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.5194%5C%2Fgmd-12-4221-2019%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221991-959X%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22TFFGCZNI%22%2C%22R4DENPGW%22%2C%22P6BBM9XF%22%2C%22NWLRM2I3%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222024-04-12T20%3A11%3A49Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22LMK9KFW7%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Ajoku%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222019-10%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A4%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EAjoku%2C%20O.%2C%20Norris%2C%20J.%20R.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20%3Cstrong%3EMiller%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20A.%20J.%20%282019%29.%20Observed%20monsoon%20precipitation%20suppression%20caused%20by%20anomalous%20interhemispheric%20aerosol%20transport.%20%3Ci%3EClimate%20Dynamics%3C%5C%2Fi%3E.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1007%5C%2Fs00382-019-05046-y%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1007%5C%2Fs00382-019-05046-y%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Observed%20monsoon%20precipitation%20suppression%20caused%20by%20anomalous%20interhemispheric%20aerosol%20transport%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22O.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ajoku%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%20R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Norris%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Miller%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22This%20study%20uses%20observations%20and%20atmospheric%20reanalysis%20products%20in%20order%20to%20understand%20the%20impacts%20of%20smoke%20aerosols%20advected%20from%20the%20Southern%20Hemisphere%20on%20the%20dynamics%20of%20the%20West%20African%20monsoon.%20Seasonal%20biomass%20burning%20and%20resulting%20aerosol%20emissions%20have%20been%20well%20documented%20to%20affect%20regional%20weather%20patterns%2C%20especially%20low-level%20convection.%20Out%20of%20all%20monsoon%20months%2C%20precipitation%20shows%20the%20most%20variability%20over%20land%20during%20August%2C%20in%20which%20anomalous%20smoke%20aerosol%20values%20can%20increase%20%28decrease%29%20by%2033%25%20%2829%25%29%20in%20the%20Northern%20Gulf%20of%20Guinea%20and%20precipitation%20can%20decrease%20%28increase%29%20by%20up%20to%20similar%20to%202.5%20mm%20day%28-1%29%20%28similar%20to%203%20mm%20day%28-1%29%29%20along%20the%20West%20African%20monsoon%20region%20accounting%20for%20a%2017%25%20%2818%25%29%20change%20in%20precipitation.%20Smoke%20aerosols%20produced%20by%20biomass%20burning%20occurring%20near%20Central%20Africa%20are%20advected%20towards%20the%20Gulf%20of%20Guinea%20at%20elevations%20around%20the%20850%20hPa%20level.%20Satellite%20observations%20show%20an%20increase%20%28decrease%29%20in%20cloud%20fraction%20and%20optical%20depth%20below%20%28above%29%20the%20300-hPa%20level%20in%20the%20Gulf%20of%20Guinea%20and%20along%20the%20West%20African%20coastline%20along%20with%20concurrent%20decreases%20%28increases%29%20in%20cloud%20droplet%20radius%20during%20dirty%20%28clean%29%20aerosol%20episodes.%20Additional%20observations%20of%20shortwave%20radiation%20quantify%20changes%20in%20cloud%20coverage%20and%20monsoon%20dynamics.%20On%20average%2C%20reductions%20in%20surface%20shortwave%20radiation%20of%20similar%20to%2010-15%20W%20m%28-2%29%20occur%20over%20the%20Gulf%20of%20Guinea%20during%20increased%20aerosol%20transport%2C%20with%20aerosols%20accounting%20for%20similar%20to%2033-50%25%20of%20that%20reduction.%20Reductions%20in%20shortwave%20radiation%20are%20associated%20with%20decreased%20convective%20available%20potential%20energy%20%28CAPE%29.%20This%20demonstrates%20that%20increased%20transport%20of%20aerosols%20perturbs%20surface%20radiation%2C%20convection%20in%20the%20lower%20troposphere%20and%20eventually%20cloud%20coverage%2C%20potentially%20leading%20to%20the%20observed%20monsoon%20precipitation%20suppression.%20In%20a%20broader%20social%20context%2C%20this%20region%20houses%20200%20million%20people%20and%20thus%20understanding%20these%20climate%20patterns%20may%20carry%20great%20importance.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222019%5C%2F10%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1007%5C%2Fs00382-019-05046-y%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220930-7575%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22R4DENPGW%22%2C%22F2EHYIBZ%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-08-16T20%3A46%3A04Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22QA9L7UPU%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Capotondi%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222019-10%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A4%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ECapotondi%2C%20A.%2C%20Jacox%2C%20M.%2C%20Bowler%2C%20C.%2C%20Kavanaugh%2C%20M.%2C%20Lehodey%2C%20P.%2C%20Barrie%2C%20D.%2C%20Brodie%2C%20S.%2C%20Chaffron%2C%20S.%2C%20Cheng%2C%20W.%2C%20Dias%2C%20D.%20F.%2C%20Eveillard%2C%20D.%2C%20Guidi%2C%20L.%2C%20Iudicone%2C%20D.%2C%20Lovenduski%2C%20N.%20S.%2C%20Nye%2C%20J.%20A.%2C%20Ortiz%2C%20I.%2C%20Pirhalla%2C%20D.%2C%20Buil%2C%20M.%20P.%2C%20Saba%2C%20V.%2C%20%26%23x2026%3B%20Pesant%2C%20S.%20%282019%29.%20Observational%20needs%20supporting%20marine%20ecosystems%20modeling%20and%20forecasting%3A%20From%20the%20global%20ocean%20to%20regional%20and%20coastal%20systems.%20%3Ci%3EFrontiers%20in%20Marine%20Science%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E6%3C%5C%2Fi%3E.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.3389%5C%2Ffmars.2019.00623%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.3389%5C%2Ffmars.2019.00623%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Observational%20needs%20supporting%20marine%20ecosystems%20modeling%20and%20forecasting%3A%20From%20the%20global%20ocean%20to%20regional%20and%20coastal%20systems%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Capotondi%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Jacox%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bowler%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kavanaugh%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22P.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lehodey%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Barrie%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Brodie%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Chaffron%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22W.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Cheng%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22D.%20F.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Dias%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Eveillard%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22L.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Guidi%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Iudicone%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22N.%20S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lovenduski%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Nye%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22I.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ortiz%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pirhalla%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%20P.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Buil%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22V.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Saba%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Sheridan%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Siedlecki%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Subramanian%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22de%20Vargas%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22E.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Di%20Lorenzo%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22S.%20C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Doney%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hermann%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22T.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Joyce%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Merrifield%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Miller%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22F.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Not%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pesant%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Many%20coastal%20areas%20host%20rich%20marine%20ecosystems%20and%20are%20also%20centers%20of%20economic%20activities%2C%20including%20fishing%2C%20shipping%20and%20recreation.%20Due%20to%20the%20socioeconomic%20and%20ecological%20importance%20of%20these%20areas%2C%20predicting%20relevant%20indicators%20of%20the%20ecosystem%20state%20on%20sub-seasonal%20to%20interannual%20timescales%20is%20gaining%20increasing%20attention.%20Depending%20on%20the%20application%2C%20forecasts%20may%20be%20sought%20for%20variables%20and%20indicators%20spanning%20physics%20%28e.g.%2C%20sea%20level%2C%20temperature%2C%20currents%29%2C%20chemistry%20%28e.g.%2C%20nutrients%2C%20oxygen%2C%20pH%29%2C%20and%20biology%20%28from%20viruses%20to%20top%20predators%29.%20Many%20components%20of%20the%20marine%20ecosystem%20are%20known%20to%20be%20influenced%20by%20leading%20modes%20of%20climate%20variability%2C%20which%20provide%20a%20physical%20basis%20for%20predictability.%20However%2C%20prediction%20capabilities%20remain%20limited%20by%20the%20lack%20of%20a%20clear%20understanding%20of%20the%20physical%20and%20biological%20processes%20involved%2C%20as%20well%20as%20by%20insufficient%20observations%20for%20forecast%20initialization%20and%20verification.%20The%20situation%20is%20further%20complicated%20by%20the%20influence%20of%20climate%20change%20on%20ocean%20conditions%20along%20coastal%20areas%2C%20including%20sea%20level%20rise%2C%20increased%20stratification%2C%20and%20shoaling%20of%20oxygen%20minimum%20zones.%20Observations%20are%20thus%20vital%20to%20all%20aspects%20of%20marine%20forecasting%3A%20statistical%20and%5C%2For%20dynamical%20model%20development%2C%20forecast%20initialization%2C%20and%20forecast%20validation%2C%20each%20of%20which%20has%20different%20observational%20requirements%2C%20which%20may%20be%20also%20specific%20to%20the%20study%20region.%20Here%2C%20we%20use%20examples%20from%20United%20States%20%28U.S.%29%20coastal%20applications%20to%20identify%20and%20describe%20the%20key%20requirements%20for%20an%20observational%20network%20that%20is%20needed%20to%20facilitate%20improved%20process%20understanding%2C%20as%20well%20as%20for%20sustaining%20operational%20ecosystem%20forecasting.%20We%20also%20describe%20new%20holistic%20observational%20approaches%2C%20e.g.%2C%20approaches%20based%20on%20acoustics%2C%20inspired%20by%20Tara%20Oceans%20or%20by%20landscape%20ecology%2C%20which%20have%20the%20potential%20to%20support%20and%20expand%20ecosystem%20modeling%20and%20forecasting%20activities%20by%20bridging%20global%20and%20local%20observations.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222019%5C%2F10%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.3389%5C%2Ffmars.2019.00623%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22R4DENPGW%22%2C%22BJ844U2D%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-08-15T19%3A00%3A29Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22E2KC23EZ%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Eliashiv%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222019-10%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A2%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EEliashiv%2C%20J.%2C%20Subramanian%2C%20A.%20C.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20%3Cstrong%3EMiller%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20A.%20J.%20%282019%29.%20Tropical%20climate%20variability%20in%20the%20Community%20Earth%20System%20Model%3A%20Data%20Assimilation%20Research%20Testbed.%20%3Ci%3EClimate%20Dynamics%3C%5C%2Fi%3E.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1007%5C%2Fs00382-019-05030-6%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1007%5C%2Fs00382-019-05030-6%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Tropical%20climate%20variability%20in%20the%20Community%20Earth%20System%20Model%3A%20Data%20Assimilation%20Research%20Testbed%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Eliashiv%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%20C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Subramanian%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Miller%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22A%20new%20prototype%20coupled%20ocean-atmosphere%20Ensemble%20Kalman%20Filter%20reanalysis%20product%2C%20the%20Community%20Earth%20System%20Model%20using%20the%20Data%20Assimilation%20Research%20Testbed%20%28CESM-DART%29%2C%20is%20studied%20by%20comparing%20its%20tropical%20climate%20variability%20to%20other%20reanalysis%20products%2C%20available%20observations%2C%20and%20a%20free-running%20version%20of%20the%20model.%20The%20results%20reveal%20that%20CESM-DART%20produces%20fields%20that%20are%20comparable%20in%20overall%20performance%20with%20those%20of%20four%20other%20uncoupled%20and%20coupled%20reanalyses.%20The%20clearest%20signature%20of%20differences%20in%20CESM-DART%20is%20in%20the%20analysis%20of%20the%20Madden-Julian%20Oscillation%20%28MJO%29%20and%20other%20tropical%20atmospheric%20waves.%20MJO%20energy%20is%20enhanced%20over%20the%20free-running%20CESM%20as%20well%20as%20compared%20to%20the%20other%20products%2C%20suggesting%20the%20importance%20of%20the%20surface%20flux%20coupling%20at%20the%20ocean-atmosphere%20interface%20in%20organizing%20convective%20activity.%20In%20addition%2C%20high-frequency%20Kelvin%20waves%20in%20CESM-DART%20are%20reduced%20in%20amplitude%20compared%20to%20the%20free-running%20CESM%20run%20and%20the%20other%20products%2C%20again%20supportive%20of%20the%20oceanic%20coupling%20playing%20a%20role%20in%20this%20difference.%20CESM-DART%20also%20exhibits%20a%20relatively%20low%20bias%20in%20the%20mean%20tropical%20precipitation%20field%20and%20mean%20sensible%20heat%20flux%20field.%20Conclusive%20evidence%20of%20the%20importance%20of%20coupling%20on%20data%20assimilation%20performance%20will%20require%20additional%20detailed%20direct%20comparisons%20with%20identically%20formulated%2C%20uncoupled%20data%20assimilation%20runs.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222019%5C%2F10%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1007%5C%2Fs00382-019-05030-6%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220930-7575%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22R4DENPGW%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-06-22T16%3A53%3A40Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22W7L9E4S8%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Cordero-Quiros%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222019-10%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A2%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ECordero-Quiros%2C%20N.%2C%20%3Cstrong%3EMiller%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20A.%20J.%2C%20Subramanian%2C%20A.%20C.%2C%20Luo%2C%20J.%20Y.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Capotondi%2C%20A.%20%282019%29.%20Composite%20physical-biological%20El%20Nino%20and%20La%20Nina%20conditions%20in%20the%20California%20Current%20System%20in%20CESM1-POP2-BEC.%20%3Ci%3EOcean%20Modelling%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E142%3C%5C%2Fi%3E.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.ocemod.2019.101439%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.ocemod.2019.101439%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Composite%20physical-biological%20El%20Nino%20and%20La%20Nina%20conditions%20in%20the%20California%20Current%20System%20in%20CESM1-POP2-BEC%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22N.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Cordero-Quiros%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Miller%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%20C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Subramanian%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%20Y.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Luo%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Capotondi%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22El%20Nino-Southern%20Oscillation%20%28ENSO%29%20is%20recognized%20as%20one%20of%20the%20potentially%20predictable%20drivers%20of%20California%20Current%20System%20%28CCS%29%20variability.%20In%20this%20study%2C%20we%20analyze%20a%2067-year%20coarse-resolution%20%28similar%20to%201%20degrees%29%20simulation%20using%20the%20ocean%20model%20CESM-POP2-BEC%20forced%20by%20NCEP%5C%2FNCAR%20reanalysis%20winds%20to%20develop%20a%20model%20composite%20of%20the%20physical-biological%20response%20of%20the%20CCS%20during%20ENSO%20events.%20The%20model%20results%20are%20also%20compared%20with%20available%20observations.%20The%20composite%20anomalies%20for%20sea%20surface%20temperature%20%28SST%29%2C%20pycnocline%20depth%2C%200m-100m%20vertically%20averaged%20chlorophyll%2C%200m-100m%20vertically%20averaged%20zooplankton%2C%2025m-100m%20vertically%20averaged%20nitrate%2C%20and%20oxygen%20at%20200m%20depth%20exhibit%20large-scale%20coherent%20relationships%20between%20physics%20and%20the%20ecosystem%2C%20including%20reduced%20nutrient%20and%20plankton%20concentrations%20during%20El%20Nino%2C%20and%20increased%20nutrient%20and%20plankton%20concentrations%20during%20La%20Nina.%20However%2C%20the%20anomalous%20model%20response%20in%20temperature%2C%20chlorophyll%2C%20and%20zooplankton%20is%20generally%20much%20weaker%20than%20observed%20and%20includes%20a%201-2%20month%20delay%20compared%20to%20observations.%20We%20also%20highlight%20the%20asymmetry%20in%20the%20model%20CCS%20response%2C%20where%20composite%20model%20La%20Nina%20events%20are%20stronger%20and%20more%20significant%20than%20model%20El%20Nino%20events%2C%20which%20is%20a%20feature%20previously%20identified%20in%20observations%20of%20CCS%20SST%20as%20well%20as%20in%20tropical%20Pacific%20Nino-4%20SST%20where%20atmospheric%20teleconnections%20associated%20with%20ENSO%20are%20forced.%20These%20physical-biological%20composites%20provide%20a%20view%20of%20some%20of%20the%20limitations%20to%20the%20potentially%20predictable%20impacts%20of%20ENSO%20teleconnections%20on%20the%20CCS%20within%20the%20modeling%20framework%20of%20CESM-POP2-BEC.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222019%5C%2F10%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1016%5C%2Fj.ocemod.2019.101439%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221463-5003%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22R4DENPGW%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-06-22T16%3A53%3A32Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22BQXZ9R6M%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Sanchez%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222019-09%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A6%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ESanchez%2C%20S.%20C.%2C%20Amaya%2C%20D.%20J.%2C%20%3Cstrong%3EMiller%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20A.%20J.%2C%20Xie%2C%20S.%20P.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Charles%2C%20C.%20D.%20%282019%29.%20The%20Pacific%20Meridional%20Mode%20over%20the%20last%20millennium.%20%3Ci%3EClimate%20Dynamics%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E53%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%285%26%23x2013%3B6%29%2C%203547%26%23x2013%3B3560.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1007%5C%2Fs00382-019-04740-1%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1007%5C%2Fs00382-019-04740-1%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22The%20Pacific%20Meridional%20Mode%20over%20the%20last%20millennium%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22S.%20C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Sanchez%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22D.%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Amaya%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Miller%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22S.%20P.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Xie%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22C.%20D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Charles%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22The%20Pacific%20Meridional%20Mode%2C%20a%20coupled%20ocean-atmospheric%20interaction%20responsible%20for%20propagating%20subtropical%20anomalies%20to%20the%20tropics%20via%20thermodynamic%20mechanisms%2C%20features%20prominently%20in%20discussions%20of%20the%20response%20of%20climate%20variability%20to%20climate%20change.%20However%2C%20it%20is%20presently%20unclear%20how%20and%20why%20the%20variance%20in%20PMM%20might%20change%2C%20or%20even%20if%20greenhouse%20gas%20forcing%20might%20lead%20to%20heightened%20activity.%20Here%2C%20PMM%20variance%20over%20the%20last%20millennium%20is%20assessed%20in%20the%20Community%20Earth%20System%20Model%20Last%20Millennium%20Ensemble%20%28LME%29.%20The%20model%20reproduces%20the%20main%20spatial%20characteristics%20of%20the%20PMM%20in%20the%20modern%20ocean%20in%20agreement%20with%20observations.%20With%20this%20basis%2C%20we%20assess%20the%20magnitude%20of%20the%20PMM%20variance%20over%20the%20past%20millennium%2C%20subject%20to%20forcing%20from%20a%20variety%20of%20sources.%20Internal%20%28unforced%29%20variability%20dominates%20the%20PMM%20variance%20in%20the%20LME%2C%20but%20prolonged%20periods%20of%20strong%20or%20weak%20PMM%20variance%20are%20found%20to%20be%20associated%20with%20characteristic%20spatial%20patterns%2C%20consistent%20across%20ensemble%20members%20and%20forcing%20experiments.%20The%20pattern%20of%20strong%20PMM%20variance%20features%20a%20cooler%20north%20Pacific%2C%20weaker%20Walker%20circulation%2C%20and%20a%20southward-shifted%20ITCZ.%20Comparison%20with%20a%20slab%20ocean%20model%20suggests%20that%20equatorial%20ocean%20dynamics%20are%20necessary%20to%20sustain%20the%20statistically%20significant%20multidecadal%20variability.%20With%20respect%20to%20the%20last%20millennium%2C%20present%20greenhouse%20forcing%20does%20not%20promote%20exceptional%20PMM%20variance.%20However%2C%20the%20PMM%20variability%20projected%20in%20the%20RCP8.5%20scenario%20exceeds%20the%20thresholds%20expressed%20with%20the%20forcings%20applied%20over%20the%20Last%20Millennium.%20Aside%20from%20multidecadal%20variability%2C%20the%20model%20simulations%20also%20bear%20on%20ENSO%20variability%20and%20the%20sensitivity%20of%20climate%20variability%20to%20external%20forcing.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222019%5C%2F09%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1007%5C%2Fs00382-019-04740-1%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220930-7575%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22F399VRET%22%2C%22R4DENPGW%22%2C%22YEAM8YK3%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-08-16T20%3A46%3A38Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22JS2EAQ8J%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Amaya%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222019-08%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EAmaya%2C%20D.%20J.%2C%20Kosaka%2C%20Y.%2C%20Zhou%2C%20W.%2C%20Zhang%2C%20Y.%2C%20Xie%2C%20S.-P.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20%3Cstrong%3EMiller%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20A.%20J.%20%282019%29.%20The%20North%20Pacific%20pacemaker%20effect%20on%20historical%20ENSO%20and%20its%20mechanisms.%20%3Ci%3EJournal%20of%20Climate%3C%5C%2Fi%3E.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1175%5C%2Fjcli-d-19-0040.1%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1175%5C%2Fjcli-d-19-0040.1%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22The%20North%20Pacific%20pacemaker%20effect%20on%20historical%20ENSO%20and%20its%20mechanisms%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Dillon%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Amaya%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Yu%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kosaka%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Wenyu%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Zhou%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Yu%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Zhang%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Shang-Ping%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Xie%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Arthur%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Miller%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Studies%20have%20indicated%20that%20North%20Pacific%20sea%20surface%20temperature%20%28SST%29%20variability%20can%20significantly%20modulate%20the%20El%20Ni%5Cu00f1o-Southern%20Oscillation%20%28ENSO%29%2C%20but%20there%20has%20been%20little%20effort%20to%20put%20extratropical-tropical%20interactions%20into%20the%20context%20of%20historical%20events.%20To%20quantify%20the%20role%20of%20the%20North%20Pacific%20in%20pacing%20the%20timing%20and%20magnitude%20of%20observed%20ENSO%2C%20we%20use%20a%20fully-coupled%20climate%20model%20to%20produce%20an%20ensemble%20of%20North%20Pacific%20Ocean-Global%20Atmosphere%20%28nPOGA%29%20SST%20pacemaker%20simulations.%20In%20nPOGA%2C%20SST%20anomalies%20are%20restored%20back%20to%20observations%20in%20the%20North%20Pacific%20%28%3E15%5Cu00b0N%29%2C%20but%20are%20free%20to%20evolve%20throughout%20the%20rest%20of%20the%20globe.%20We%20find%20that%20the%20North%20Pacific%20SST%20has%20significantly%20influenced%20observed%20ENSO%20variability%2C%20accounting%20for%20approximately%2015%25%20of%20the%20total%20variance%20in%20boreal%20fall%20and%20winter.%20The%20connection%20between%20the%20North%20and%20tropical%20Pacific%20arises%20from%20two%20physical%20pathways%3A%201.%20A%20Wind-Evaporation-SST%20%28WES%29%20propagating%20mechanism%2C%20and%202.%20A%20Gill-like%20atmospheric%20response%20associated%20with%20anomalous%20deep%20convection%20in%20boreal%20summer%20and%20fall%2C%20which%20we%20refer%20to%20as%20the%20Summer%20Deep%20Convection%20%28SDC%29%20response.%20The%20SDC%20response%20accounts%20for%2025%25%20of%20the%20observed%20zonal%20wind%20variability%20around%20the%20equatorial%20dateline.%20On%20an%20event-by-event%20basis%2C%20nPOGA%20most%20closely%20reproduces%20the%202014-2015%20and%20the%202015-2016%20El%20Ni%5Cu00f1os.%20In%20particular%2C%20we%20show%20that%20the%202015%20Pacific%20Meridional%20Mode%20event%20increased%20wind%20forcing%20along%20the%20equator%20by%2020%25%2C%20potentially%20contributing%20to%20the%20extreme%20nature%20of%20the%202015-2016%20El%20Ni%5Cu00f1o.%20Our%20results%20illustrate%20the%20significant%20role%20of%20extratropical%20noise%20in%20pacing%20the%20initiation%20and%20magnitude%20of%20ENSO%20events%20and%20may%20improve%20the%20predictability%20of%20ENSO%20on%20seasonal%20timescales.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222019%5C%2F08%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1175%5C%2Fjcli-d-19-0040.1%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22F399VRET%22%2C%22R4DENPGW%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-09-09T21%3A26%3A46Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22T2HL89RC%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Capotondi%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222019-07%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A2%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ECapotondi%2C%20A.%2C%20Sardeshmukh%2C%20P.%20D.%2C%20Di%20Lorenzo%2C%20E.%2C%20Subramanian%2C%20A.%20C.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20%3Cstrong%3EMiller%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20A.%20J.%20%282019%29.%20Predictability%20of%20US%20West%20Coast%20ocean%20temperatures%20is%20not%20solely%20due%20to%20ENSO.%20%3Ci%3EScientific%20Reports%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E9%3C%5C%2Fi%3E.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1038%5C%2Fs41598-019-47400-4%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1038%5C%2Fs41598-019-47400-4%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Predictability%20of%20US%20West%20Coast%20ocean%20temperatures%20is%20not%20solely%20due%20to%20ENSO%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Capotondi%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22P.%20D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Sardeshmukh%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22E.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Di%20Lorenzo%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%20C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Subramanian%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Miller%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22The%20causes%20of%20the%20extreme%20and%20persistent%20warming%20in%20the%20Northeast%20Pacific%20from%20the%20winter%20of%202013%5C%2F14%20to%20that%20of%202014%5C%2F15%20are%20still%20not%20fully%20understood.%20While%20global%20warming%20may%20have%20contributed%2C%20natural%20influences%20may%20also%20have%20played%20a%20role.%20El%20Nino%20events%20are%20often%20implicated%20in%20anomalously%20warm%20conditions%20along%20the%20US%20West%20Coast%20%28USWC%29.%20However%2C%20the%20tropical%20Pacific%20sea%20surface%20temperature%20%28SST%29%20anomalies%20were%20generally%20weak%20during%202014%2C%20calling%20into%20question%20their%20role%20in%20the%20USWC%20warming.%20In%20this%20study%2C%20we%20identify%20tropical%20Pacific%20%5C%22sensitivity%20patterns%5C%22%20that%20optimally%20force%20USWC%20warming%20at%20a%20later%20time.%20We%20find%20that%20such%20sensitivity%20patterns%20do%20not%20coincide%20with%20the%20mature%20SST%20anomaly%20patterns%20usually%20associated%20with%20ENSO%2C%20but%20instead%20include%20elements%20associated%20with%20ENSO%20SST%20precursors%20and%20SST%20anomalies%20in%20the%20central%5C%2Fwestern%20equatorial%20Pacific.%20El%20Nino%20events%20that%20produce%20large%20USWC%20warming%2C%20irrespective%20of%20their%20magnitude%2C%20do%20project%20on%20the%20sensitivity%20pattern%20and%20are%20characterized%20by%20a%20distinct%20evolution%20of%20the%20North%20Pacific%20atmospheric%20and%20oceanic%20fields.%20However%2C%20even%20weak%20tropical%20SST%20anomalies%20in%20the%20right%20location%2C%20and%20not%20necessarily%20associated%20with%20ENSO%2C%20can%20significantly%20influence%20USWC%20conditions%20and%20enhance%20their%20predictability.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222019%5C%2F07%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1038%5C%2Fs41598-019-47400-4%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%222045-2322%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22R4DENPGW%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-06-22T16%3A53%3A38Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%226FVQIL4U%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Dias%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222019-03%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A2%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EDias%2C%20D.%20F.%2C%20Subramanian%2C%20A.%2C%20Zanna%2C%20L.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20%3Cstrong%3EMiller%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20A.%20J.%20%282019%29.%20Remote%20and%20local%20influences%20in%20forecasting%20Pacific%20SST%3A%20a%20linear%20inverse%20model%20and%20a%20multimodel%20ensemble%20study.%20%3Ci%3EClimate%20Dynamics%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E52%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%285%26%23x2013%3B6%29%2C%203183%26%23x2013%3B3201.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1007%5C%2Fs00382-018-4323-z%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1007%5C%2Fs00382-018-4323-z%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Remote%20and%20local%20influences%20in%20forecasting%20Pacific%20SST%3A%20a%20linear%20inverse%20model%20and%20a%20multimodel%20ensemble%20study%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22D.%20F.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Dias%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Subramanian%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22L.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Zanna%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Miller%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22A%20suite%20of%20statistical%20linear%20inverse%20models%20%28LIMs%29%20are%20used%20to%20understand%20the%20remote%20and%20local%20SST%20variability%20that%20influences%20SST%20predictions%20over%20the%20North%20Pacific%20region.%20Observed%20monthly%20SST%20anomalies%20in%20the%20Pacific%20are%20used%20to%20construct%20different%20regional%20LIMs%20for%20seasonal%20to%20decadal%20predictions.%20The%20seasonal%20forecast%20skills%20of%20the%20LIMs%20are%20compared%20to%20that%20from%20three%20operational%20forecast%20systems%20in%20the%20North%20American%20Multi-Model%20Ensemble%20%28NMME%29%2C%20revealing%20that%20the%20LIM%20has%20better%20skill%20in%20the%20Northeastern%20Pacific%20than%20NMME%20models.%20The%20LIM%20is%20also%20found%20to%20have%20comparable%20forecast%20skill%20for%20SST%20in%20the%20Tropical%20Pacific%20with%20NMME%20models.%20This%20skill%2C%20however%2C%20is%20highly%20dependent%20on%20the%20initialization%20month%2C%20with%20forecasts%20initialized%20during%20the%20summer%20having%20better%20skill%20than%20those%20initialized%20during%20the%20winter.%20The%20data%20are%20also%20bandpass%20filtered%20into%20seasonal%2C%20interannual%20and%20decadal%20time%20scales%20to%20identify%20the%20relationships%20between%20time%20scales%20using%20the%20structure%20of%20the%20propagator%20matrix.%20Moreover%2C%20we%20investigate%20the%20influence%20of%20the%20tropics%20and%20extra-tropics%20in%20the%20predictability%20of%20the%20SST%20over%20the%20region.%20The%20Extratropical%20North%20Pacific%20seems%20to%20be%20a%20source%20of%20predictability%20for%20the%20tropics%20on%20seasonal%20to%20interannual%20time%20scales%2C%20while%20the%20tropics%20enhance%20the%20forecast%20skill%20for%20the%20decadal%20component.%20These%20results%20indicate%20the%20importance%20of%20temporal%20scale%20interactions%20in%20improving%20the%20predictions%20on%20decadal%20timescales.%20Hence%2C%20we%20show%20that%20LIMs%20are%20not%20only%20useful%20as%20benchmarks%20for%20estimates%20of%20statistical%20skill%2C%20but%20also%20to%20isolate%20contributions%20to%20the%20forecast%20skills%20from%20different%20timescales%2C%20spatial%20scales%20or%20even%20model%20components.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222019%5C%2F03%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1007%5C%2Fs00382-018-4323-z%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220930-7575%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22R4DENPGW%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-06-22T16%3A53%3A38Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22LRMUGP96%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Lennert-Cody%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222019-01%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A4%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ELennert-Cody%2C%20C.%20E.%2C%20Clarke%2C%20S.%20C.%2C%20Aires-da-Silva%2C%20A.%2C%20Maunder%2C%20M.%20N.%2C%20Franks%2C%20P.%20J.%20S.%2C%20Roman%2C%20M.%2C%20%3Cstrong%3EMiller%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20A.%20J.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Minami%2C%20M.%20%282019%29.%20The%20importance%20of%20environment%20and%20life%20stage%20on%20interpretation%20of%20silky%20shark%20relative%20abundance%20indices%20for%20the%20equatorial%20Pacific%20Ocean.%20%3Ci%3EFisheries%20Oceanography%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E28%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%281%29%2C%2043%26%23x2013%3B53.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Ffog.12385%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Ffog.12385%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22The%20importance%20of%20environment%20and%20life%20stage%20on%20interpretation%20of%20silky%20shark%20relative%20abundance%20indices%20for%20the%20equatorial%20Pacific%20Ocean%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22C.%20E.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lennert-Cody%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22S.%20C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Clarke%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Aires-da-Silva%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%20N.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Maunder%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22P.%20J.%20S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Franks%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Roman%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Miller%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Minami%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Recent%20large%20fluctuations%20in%20an%20index%20of%20relative%20abundance%20for%20the%20silky%20shark%20in%20the%20eastern%20Pacific%20Ocean%20have%20called%20into%20question%20its%20reliability%20as%20a%20population%20indicator%20for%20management.%20To%20investigate%20whether%20these%20fluctuations%20were%20driven%20by%20environmental%20forcing%20rather%20than%20true%20changes%20in%20abundance%2C%20a%20Pacific-wide%20approach%20was%20taken.%20Data%20collected%20by%20observers%20aboard%20purse-seine%20vessels%20fishing%20in%20the%20equatorial%20Pacific%20were%20used%20to%20compute%20standardized%20trends%20in%20relative%20abundance%20by%20region%2C%20and%20where%20possible%2C%20by%20shark%20size%20category%20as%20a%20proxy%20for%20life%20stage.%20These%20indices%20were%20compared%20to%20the%20Pacific%20Decadal%20Oscillation%20%28PDO%29%2C%20an%20index%20of%20Pacific%20Ocean%20climate%20variability.%20Correlation%20between%20silky%20indices%20and%20the%20PDO%20was%20found%20to%20differ%20by%20region%20and%20size%20category.%20The%20highest%20correlations%20by%20shark%20size%20category%20were%20for%20small%20%28%3C90%20cm%20total%20length%20%5BTL%5D%29%20and%20medium%20%2890-150%20cm%20TL%29%20sharks%20from%20the%20western%20region%20of%20the%20equatorial%20eastern%20Pacific%20%28EP%29%20and%20from%20the%20equatorial%20western%20Pacific.%20This%20correlation%20disappeared%20in%20the%20inshore%20EP.%20Throughout%2C%20correlations%20with%20the%20PDO%20were%20generally%20lower%20for%20large%20silky%20sharks%20%28%3E150%20cm%20TL%29.%20These%20results%20are%20suggestive%20of%20changes%20in%20the%20small%20and%20medium%20silky%20indices%20being%20driven%20by%20movement%20of%20juvenile%20silky%20sharks%20across%20the%20Pacific%20as%20the%20eastern%20edge%20of%20the%20Indo-Pacific%20Warm%20Pool%20shifts%20location%20with%20ENSO%20events.%20Lower%20correlation%20of%20the%20PDO%20with%20large%20shark%20indices%20may%20indicate%20that%20those%20indices%20were%20less%20influenced%20by%20environmental%20forcing%20and%20therefore%20potentially%20less%20biased%20with%20respect%20to%20monitoring%20population%20trends.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222019%5C%2F01%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1111%5C%2Ffog.12385%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221054-6006%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22BZBPGKQB%22%2C%22R4DENPGW%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-09-09T21%3A29%3A19Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22EW2PADKQ%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Kilpatrick%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222018-10%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EKilpatrick%2C%20T.%2C%20Xie%2C%20S.-P.%2C%20%3Cstrong%3EMiller%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20A.%20J.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Schneider%2C%20N.%20%282018%29.%20Satellite%20observations%20of%20enhanced%20chlorophyll%20variability%20in%20the%20Southern%20California%20Bight.%20%3Ci%3EJournal%20of%20Geophysical%20Research%3A%20Oceans%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E123%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2810%29%2C%207550%26%23x2013%3B7563.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1029%5C%2F2018JC014248%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1029%5C%2F2018JC014248%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Satellite%20observations%20of%20enhanced%20chlorophyll%20variability%20in%20the%20Southern%20California%20Bight%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Thomas%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kilpatrick%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Shang-Ping%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Xie%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Arthur%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Miller%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Niklas%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Schneider%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Satellite%20observations%20from%20the%20Moderate%20Resolution%20Imaging%20Spectroradiometer%20and%20Sea-viewing%20Wide%20Field-of-view%20Sensor%20reveal%20a%20%5Cu201ctongue%5Cu201d%20of%20elevated%20near-surface%20chlorophyll%20that%20extends%20into%20the%20Southern%20California%20Bight%20from%20Point%20Conception.%20A%20local%20chlorophyll%20maximum%20at%20the%20western%20edge%20of%20the%20bight%2C%20near%20the%20Santa%20Rosa%20Ridge%2C%20indicates%20that%20the%20chlorophyll%20is%20not%20solely%20due%20to%20advection%20from%20Point%20Conception%20but%20is%20enhanced%20by%20local%20upwelling.%20Chlorophyll%20in%20the%20bight%20peaks%20in%20May%20and%20June%2C%20in%20phase%20with%20the%20seasonal%20cycle%20of%20wind%20stress%20curl.%20The%20spatial%20structure%20and%20seasonal%20variability%20suggest%20that%20the%20local%20chlorophyll%20maximum%20is%20due%20to%20a%20combination%20of%20bathymetric%20influence%20from%20the%20Santa%20Rosa%20Ridge%20and%20orographic%20influence%20from%20the%20coastline%20bend%20at%20Point%20Conception%2C%20which%20causes%20sharp%20wind%20stress%20curl%20in%20the%20bight.%20High-resolution%20glider%20observations%20show%20thermocline%20doming%20in%20May%5Cu2013June%2C%20in%20support%20of%20the%20local%20upwelling%20effect.%20Despite%20the%20evidence%20for%20local%20wind%20stress%20curl-forced%20upwelling%20in%20the%20bight%2C%20we%20cannot%20rule%20out%20alternative%20mechanisms%20for%20the%20local%20chlorophyll%20maximum%2C%20such%20as%20iron%20supply%20from%20the%20ridge.%20Covariability%20between%20chlorophyll%2C%20surface%20wind%20stress%2C%20and%20sea%20surface%20temperature%20%28SST%29%20indicates%20that%20nonseasonal%20chlorophyll%20variability%20in%20the%20bight%20is%20closely%20related%20to%20SST%2C%20but%20the%20spatial%20patterns%20of%20SST%20influence%20vary%20by%20time%20scale%3A%20Subannual%20chlorophyll%20variability%20is%20linked%20to%20local%20wind-forced%20upwelling%2C%20while%20interannual%20chlorophyll%20variability%20is%20linked%20to%20large-scale%20SST%20variations%20over%20the%20northeast%20Pacific.%20This%20suggests%20a%20greater%20role%20for%20nonlocal%20processes%20in%20the%20bight%27s%20low-frequency%20chlorophyll%20variability.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222018%5C%2F10%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1029%5C%2F2018JC014248%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22F399VRET%22%2C%22R4DENPGW%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-09-22T23%3A36%3A25Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22Q36MSFFF%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Amaya%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222018-07%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A2%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EAmaya%2C%20D.%20J.%2C%20Siler%2C%20N.%2C%20Xie%2C%20S.%20P.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20%3Cstrong%3EMiller%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20A.%20J.%20%282018%29.%20The%20interplay%20of%20internal%20and%20forced%20modes%20of%20Hadley%20Cell%20expansion%3A%20lessons%20from%20the%20global%20warming%20hiatus.%20%3Ci%3EClimate%20Dynamics%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E51%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%281%26%23x2013%3B2%29%2C%20305%26%23x2013%3B319.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1007%5C%2Fs00382-017-3921-5%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1007%5C%2Fs00382-017-3921-5%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22The%20interplay%20of%20internal%20and%20forced%20modes%20of%20Hadley%20Cell%20expansion%3A%20lessons%20from%20the%20global%20warming%20hiatus%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22D.%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Amaya%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22N.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Siler%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22S.%20P.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Xie%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Miller%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22The%20poleward%20branches%20of%20the%20Hadley%20Cells%20and%20the%20edge%20of%20the%20tropics%20show%20a%20robust%20poleward%20shift%20during%20the%20satellite%20era%2C%20leading%20to%20concerns%20over%20the%20possible%20encroachment%20of%20the%20globe%27s%20subtropical%20dry%20zones%20into%20currently%20temperate%20climates.%20The%20extent%20to%20which%20this%20trend%20is%20caused%20by%20anthropogenic%20forcing%20versus%20internal%20variability%20remains%20the%20subject%20of%20considerable%20debate.%20In%20this%20study%2C%20we%20use%20a%20Joint%20EOF%20method%20to%20identify%20two%20distinct%20modes%20of%20tropical%20width%20variability%3A%20%281%29%20an%20anthropogenically-forced%20mode%2C%20which%20we%20identify%20using%20a%2020-member%20simulation%20of%20the%20historical%20climate%2C%20and%20%282%29%20an%20internal%20mode%2C%20which%20we%20identify%20using%20a%201000-year%20pre-industrial%20control%20simulation.%20The%20forced%20mode%20is%20found%20to%20be%20closely%20related%20to%20the%20top%20of%20the%20atmosphere%20radiative%20imbalance%20and%20exhibits%20a%20long-term%20trend%20since%201860%2C%20while%20the%20internal%20mode%20is%20essentially%20indistinguishable%20from%20the%20El%20Nio%20Southern%20Oscillation.%20Together%20these%20two%20modes%20explain%20an%20average%20of%2070%25%20of%20the%20interannual%20variability%20seen%20in%20model%20%5C%22edge%20indices%5C%22%20over%20the%20historical%20period.%20Since%201980%2C%20the%20superposition%20of%20forced%20and%20internal%20modes%20has%20resulted%20in%20a%20period%20of%20accelerated%20Hadley%20Cell%20expansion%20and%20decelerated%20global%20warming%20%28i.e.%2C%20the%20%5C%22hiatus%5C%22%29.%20A%20comparison%20of%20the%20change%20in%20these%20modes%20since%201980%20indicates%20that%20by%202013%20the%20signal%20has%20emerged%20above%20the%20noise%20of%20internal%20variability%20in%20the%20Southern%20Hemisphere%2C%20but%20not%20in%20the%20Northern%20Hemisphere%2C%20with%20the%20latter%20also%20exhibiting%20strong%20zonal%20asymmetry%2C%20particularly%20in%20the%20North%20Atlantic.%20Our%20results%20highlight%20the%20important%20interplay%20of%20internal%20and%20forced%20modes%20of%20tropical%20width%20change%20and%20improve%20our%20understanding%20of%20the%20interannual%20variability%20and%20long-term%20trend%20seen%20in%20observations.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222018%5C%2F07%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1007%5C%2Fs00382-017-3921-5%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220930-7575%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22R4DENPGW%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-06-22T16%3A53%3A35Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22QIAHKPEK%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Yi%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222018-03%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A2%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EYi%2C%20D.%20L.%20L.%2C%20Gan%2C%20B.%20L.%2C%20Wu%2C%20L.%20X.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20%3Cstrong%3EMiller%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20A.%20J.%20%282018%29.%20The%20North%20Pacific%20Gyre%20Oscillation%20and%20Mechanisms%20of%20Its%20Decadal%20Variability%20in%20CMIP5%20Models.%20%3Ci%3EJournal%20of%20Climate%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E31%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%286%29%2C%202487%26%23x2013%3B2509.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1175%5C%2Fjcli-d-17-0344.1%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1175%5C%2Fjcli-d-17-0344.1%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22The%20North%20Pacific%20Gyre%20Oscillation%20and%20Mechanisms%20of%20Its%20Decadal%20Variability%20in%20CMIP5%20Models%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22D.%20L.%20L.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Yi%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22B.%20L.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Gan%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22L.%20X.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Wu%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Miller%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Based%20on%20the%20Simple%20Ocean%20Data%20Assimilation%20%28SODA%29%20product%20and%2037%20models%20from%20phase%205%20of%20the%20Coupled%20Model%20Intercomparison%20Project%20%28CMIP5%29%20database%2C%20the%20North%20Pacific%20Gyre%20Oscillation%20%28NPGO%29%20and%20its%20decadal%20generation%20mechanisms%20are%20evaluated%20by%20studying%20the%20second%20leading%20modes%20of%20North%20Pacific%20sea%20surface%20height%20%28SSH%29%20and%20sea%20level%20pressure%20%28SLP%29%20as%20well%20as%20their%20dynamical%20connections.%20It%20is%20found%20that%2017%20out%20of%2037%20models%20can%20well%20simulate%20the%20spatial%20pattern%20and%20decadal%20time%20scales%20%2810-30%20yr%29%20of%20the%20NPGO%20mode%2C%20which%20resembles%20the%20observation-based%20SODA%20results.%20Dynamical%20connections%20between%20the%20oceanic%20mode%20%28NPGO%29%20and%20the%20atmospheric%20mode%20%5BNorth%20Pacific%20Oscillation%20%28NPO%29%5D%20are%20strongly%20evident%20in%20both%20SODA%20and%20the%2017%20models.%20In%20particular%2C%20about%2030%25-40%25%20of%20the%20variance%20of%20the%20NPGO%20variability%2C%20which%20generally%20exhibits%20a%20preferred%20time%20scale%2C%20can%20be%20explained%20by%20the%20NPO%20variability%2C%20which%20has%20no%20preferred%20time%20scale%20in%20most%20models.%20Two%20mechanisms%20of%20the%20decadal%20NPGO%20variability%20that%20had%20been%20proposed%20by%20previous%20studies%20are%20evaluated%20in%20SODA%20and%20the%2017%20models%3A%201%29%20stochastic%20atmospheric%20forcing%20and%20oceanic%20spatial%20resonance%20and%202%29%20low-frequency%20atmospheric%20teleconnections%20excited%20by%20the%20equatorial%20Pacific.%20Evaluation%20reveals%20that%20these%20two%20mechanisms%20are%20valid%20in%20SODA%20and%20two%20models%20%28CNRM-CM5%20and%20CNRM-CM5.2%29%2C%20whereas%20two%20models%20%28CMCC-CM%20and%20CMCC-CMS%29%20prefer%20the%20first%20mechanism%20and%20another%20two%20models%20%28CMCC-CESM%20and%20IPSL-CM5B-LR%29%20prefer%20the%20second%20mechanism.%20The%20other%2011%20models%20have%20no%20evident%20relations%20with%20the%20proposed%20two%20mechanisms%2C%20suggesting%20the%20need%20for%20a%20fundamental%20understanding%20of%20the%20decadal%20NPGO%20variability%20in%20the%20future.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222018%5C%2F03%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1175%5C%2Fjcli-d-17-0344.1%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220894-8755%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22R4DENPGW%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-06-22T16%3A53%3A36Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22TD66VBU6%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Stukel%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222018-01%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A4%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EStukel%2C%20M.%20R.%2C%20Song%2C%20H.%2C%20Goericke%2C%20R.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20%3Cstrong%3EMiller%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20A.%20J.%20%282018%29.%20The%20role%20of%20subduction%20and%20gravitational%20sinking%20in%20particle%20export%2C%20carbon%20sequestration%2C%20and%20the%20remineralization%20length%20scale%20in%20the%20California%20Current%20Ecosystem.%20%3Ci%3ELimnology%20and%20Oceanography%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E63%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%281%29%2C%20363%26%23x2013%3B383.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1002%5C%2Flno.10636%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1002%5C%2Flno.10636%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22The%20role%20of%20subduction%20and%20gravitational%20sinking%20in%20particle%20export%2C%20carbon%20sequestration%2C%20and%20the%20remineralization%20length%20scale%20in%20the%20California%20Current%20Ecosystem%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%20R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Stukel%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22H.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Song%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Goericke%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Miller%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Particles%20and%20aggregates%20created%20in%20the%20surface%20layers%20of%20the%20ocean%20are%20transported%20not%20only%20by%20gravity%2C%20but%20also%20by%20the%20horizontal%20and%20vertical%20advection%20of%20the%20surrounding%20water.%20Subduction%2C%20in%20particular%2C%20can%20transport%20organic%20matter%20from%20the%20surface%20ocean%20to%20the%20mesopelagic%20in%20a%20manner%20that%20is%20not%20likely%20to%20be%20detected%20by%20typical%20in%20situ%20carbon%20export%20measurements%20%28e.g.%2C%20sediment%20traps%20and%20U-238-Th-234%20disequilibrium%29.%20To%20assess%20the%20importance%20of%20subduction%20to%20the%20biological%20pump%2C%20we%20combined%20in%20situ%20sediment%20trap%2C%20thorium%2C%20primary%20productivity%2C%20and%20particulate%20organic%20carbon%20%28POC%29%20measurements%20with%20a%20data-assimilative%20physical%20circulation%20model%20and%20a%20Lagrangian%20particle%20tracking%20model.%20We%20develop%20a%20simple%20parameterization%20of%20two%20alternative%20particle%20sinking%20processes%20%28Phytoplankton-Fecal%20Pellet%20%5BPFP%5D%20and%20Aggregation%29%20using%20results%20from%2013%20extensively%20sampled%20water%20parcels%20in%20the%20California%20Current%20Ecosystem.%20Both%20parameterizations%20suggested%20that%20subduction%20is%20an%20important%2C%20at%20times%20dominant%2C%20mechanism%20of%20POC%20vertical%20export%20in%20the%20region%20%28median%2044%25%20and%2023%25%20contribution%20to%20total%20POC%20export%20for%20PFP%20and%20Aggregate%20parameterizations%20at%20the%20100-m%20depth%20horizon%29.%20The%20percentage%20contribution%20of%20subduction%20was%20highly%20variable%20across%20water%20parcels%20%28ranging%20from%207%25%20to%2090%25%29%2C%20with%20subduction%20typically%20more%20important%20in%20offshore%2C%20oligotrophic%20regions.%20On%20average%20the%20fate%20of%20particles%20that%20are%20passively%20transported%20out%20of%20the%20surface%20layer%20by%20advection%20is%20different%20from%20that%20of%20particles%20that%20sink%20across%20the%20100-m%20depth%20horizon.%20Subducted%20particles%20were%20predominantly%20remineralized%20shallower%20than%20150%20m%2C%20while%20approximately%2050%25%20of%20gravitationally%20exported%20POC%20was%20remineralized%20at%20depths%20%3E%20500%20m.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222018%5C%2F01%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1002%5C%2Flno.10636%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220024-3590%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22R4DENPGW%22%2C%22PY4MY9R2%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222023-01-09T23%3A48%3A11Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22QIZRQ3X4%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Pullen%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222017-11%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A2%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EPullen%2C%20J.%2C%20Allard%2C%20R.%2C%20Seo%2C%20H.%2C%20%3Cstrong%3EMiller%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20A.%20J.%2C%20Chen%2C%20S.%20Y.%2C%20Pezzi%2C%20L.%20P.%2C%20Smith%2C%20T.%2C%20Chu%2C%20P.%2C%20Alves%2C%20J.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Caldeira%2C%20R.%20%282017%29.%20Coupled%20ocean-atmosphere%20forecasting%20at%20short%20and%20medium%20time%20scales.%20%3Ci%3EJournal%20of%20Marine%20Research%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E75%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%286%29%2C%20877%26%23x2013%3B921.%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Coupled%20ocean-atmosphere%20forecasting%20at%20short%20and%20medium%20time%20scales%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pullen%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Allard%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22H.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Seo%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Miller%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22S.%20Y.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Chen%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22L.%20P.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pezzi%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22T.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Smith%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22P.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Chu%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Alves%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Caldeira%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Recent%20technological%20advances%20over%20the%20past%20few%20decades%20have%20enabled%20the%20development%20of%20fully%20coupled%20atmosphere-ocean%20modeling%20prediction%20systems%20that%20are%20used%20today%20to%20support%20short-term%20%28days%20to%20weeks%29%20and%20medium-term%20%2810-21%20days%29%20needs%20for%20both%20the%20operational%20and%20research%20communities.%20We%20overview%20the%20coupling%20framework%2C%20including%20model%20components%20and%20grid%20resolution%20considerations%2C%20as%20well%20as%20the%20coupling%20physics%20by%20examining%20heat%20fluxes%20between%20atmosphere%20and%20ocean%2C%20momentum%20transfer%2C%20and%20freshwater%20fluxes.%20These%20modeling%20systems%20can%20be%20run%20as%20fully%20coupled%20atmosphere-ocean%20and%20atmosphere-ocean-wave%20configurations.%20Examples%20of%20several%20modeling%20systems%20applied%20to%20complex%20coastal%20regions%20including%20Madeira%20Island%2C%20Adriatic%20Sea%2C%20Coastal%20California%2C%20Gulf%20of%20Mexico%2C%20Brazil%2C%20and%20the%20Maritime%20Continent%20are%20presented.%20In%20many%20of%20these%20studies%2C%20a%20variety%20of%20field%20campaigns%20have%20contributed%20to%20a%20better%20understanding%20of%20the%20underlying%20physics%20associated%20with%20the%20atmosphere-ocean%20feedbacks.%20Examples%20of%20improvements%20in%20predictive%20skill%20when%20run%20in%20coupled%20mode%20versus%20standalone%20are%20shown.%20Coupled%20model%20challenges%20such%20as%20model%20initialization%2C%20data%20assimilation%2C%20and%20earth%20system%20prediction%20are%20discussed.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222017%5C%2F11%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220022-2402%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22R4DENPGW%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-06-22T16%3A53%3A32Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22HKKZ7EYC%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Gan%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222017-05%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A2%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EGan%2C%20B.%20L.%2C%20Wu%2C%20L.%20X.%2C%20Jia%2C%20F.%2C%20Li%2C%20S.%20J.%2C%20Cai%2C%20W.%20J.%2C%20Nakamura%2C%20H.%2C%20Alexander%2C%20M.%20A.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20%3Cstrong%3EMiller%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20A.%20J.%20%282017%29.%20On%20the%20response%20of%20the%20Aleutian%20Low%20to%20greenhouse%20warming.%20%3Ci%3EJournal%20of%20Climate%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E30%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2810%29%2C%203907%26%23x2013%3B3925.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1175%5C%2Fjcli-d-15-0789.1%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1175%5C%2Fjcli-d-15-0789.1%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22On%20the%20response%20of%20the%20Aleutian%20Low%20to%20greenhouse%20warming%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22B.%20L.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Gan%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22L.%20X.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Wu%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22F.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Jia%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22S.%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Li%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22W.%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Cai%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22H.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Nakamura%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Alexander%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Miller%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Past%20and%20future%20changes%20in%20the%20Aleutian%20low%20are%20investigated%20by%20using%20observation-based%20sea%20level%20pressure%20%28SLP%29%20datasets%20and%20CMIP5%20models.%20It%20is%20found%20that%20the%20Aleutian%20low%20intensity%2C%20measured%20by%20the%20North%20Pacific%20Index%20%28NPI%29%2C%20has%20significantly%20strengthened%20during%20the%20twentieth%20century%2C%20with%20the%20observed%20centennial%20trend%20double%20the%20modeled%20counterpart%20for%20the%20multimodel%20average%20of%20historical%20simulations%2C%20suggesting%20compound%20signals%20of%20anthropogenic%20warming%20and%20natural%20variability.%20As%20climate%20warms%20under%20the%20strongest%20future%20warming%20scenario%2C%20the%20climatological-mean%20Aleutian%20low%20will%20continue%20to%20intensify%20and%20expand%20northward%2C%20as%20manifested%20in%20the%20significant%20decrease%20%28-1.3%20hPa%29%20of%20the%20multimodel-averaged%20NPI%2C%20which%20is%201.6%20times%20its%20unforced%20internal%20variability%2C%20and%20the%20increase%20in%20the%20central%20area%20of%20low%20pressure%20%28SLP%20%3C%20999.0%20hPa%29%2C%20which%20expands%20about%207%20times%20that%20in%20the%20twentieth%20century.%20A%20suite%20of%20idealized%20experiments%20further%20demonstrates%20that%20the%20deepening%20of%20the%20Aleutian%20low%20can%20be%20driven%20by%20an%20El%20Nino-like%20warming%20of%20the%20tropical%20Pacific%20sea%20surface%20temperature%20%28SST%29%2C%20with%20a%20reduction%20in%20the%20climatological-mean%20zonal%20SST%20gradient%2C%20which%20overshadows%20the%20dampening%20effect%20of%20a%20weakened%20wintertime%20land-ocean%20thermal%20contrast%20on%20the%20Aleutian%20low%20change%20in%20a%20warmer%20climate.%20While%20the%20projected%20deepening%20of%20Aleutian%20low%20on%20multimodel%20average%20is%20robust%2C%20individual%20model%20portrayals%20vary%20primarily%20in%20magnitude.%20Intermodel%20difference%20in%20surface%20warming%20amplitude%20over%20the%20Asian%20continent%2C%20which%20is%20found%20to%20explain%20about%2031%25%20of%20the%20variance%20of%20the%20NPI%20changes%20across%20models%2C%20has%20a%20greater%20contribution%20than%20that%20in%20the%20spatial%20pattern%20of%20tropical%20Pacific%20SST%20warming%20%28which%20explains%20about%2023%25%29%20to%20model%20uncertainty%20in%20the%20projection%20of%20Aleutian%20low%20intensity.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222017%5C%2F05%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1175%5C%2Fjcli-d-15-0789.1%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220894-8755%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22R4DENPGW%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-06-22T16%3A53%3A37Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%225T59QG4E%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Miller%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222017-05%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A2%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3E%3Cstrong%3EMiller%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20A.%20J.%2C%20Collins%2C%20M.%2C%20Gualdi%2C%20S.%2C%20Jensen%2C%20T.%20G.%2C%20Misra%2C%20V.%2C%20Pezzi%2C%20L.%20P.%2C%20Pierce%2C%20D.%20W.%2C%20Putrasahan%2C%20D.%2C%20Seo%2C%20H.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Tseng%2C%20Y.%20H.%20%282017%29.%20Coupled%20ocean-atmosphere%20modeling%20and%20predictions.%20%3Ci%3EJournal%20of%20Marine%20Research%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E75%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%283%29%2C%20361%26%23x2013%3B402.%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Coupled%20ocean-atmosphere%20modeling%20and%20predictions%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Miller%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Collins%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Gualdi%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22T.%20G.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Jensen%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22V.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Misra%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22L.%20P.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pezzi%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22D.%20W.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pierce%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Putrasahan%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22H.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Seo%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Y.%20H.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Tseng%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Key%20aspects%20of%20the%20current%20state%20of%20the%20ability%20of%20global%20and%20regional%20climate%20models%20to%20represent%20dynamical%20processes%20and%20precipitation%20variations%20are%20summarized.%20Interannual%2C%20decadal%2C%20and%20global-warming%20timescales%2C%20wherein%20the%20influence%20of%20the%20oceans%20is%20relevant%20and%20the%20potential%20for%20predictability%20is%20highest%2C%20are%20emphasized.%20Oceanic%20influences%20on%20climate%20occur%20throughout%20the%20ocean%20and%20extend%20over%20land%20to%20affect%20many%20types%20of%20climate%20variations%2C%20including%20monsoons%2C%20the%20El%20Nino%20Southern%20Oscillation%2C%20decadal%20oscillations%2C%20and%20the%20response%20to%20greenhouse%20gas%20emissions.%20The%20fundamental%20ideas%20of%20coupling%20between%20the%20ocean-atmosphere-land%20system%20are%20explained%20for%20these%20modes%20in%20both%20global%20and%20regional%20contexts.%20Global%20coupled%20climate%20models%20are%20needed%20to%20represent%20and%20understand%20the%20complicated%20processes%20involved%20and%20allow%20us%20to%20make%20predictions%20over%20land%20and%20sea.%20Regional%20coupled%20climate%20models%20are%20needed%20to%20enhance%20our%20interpretation%20of%20the%20fine-scale%20response.%20The%20mechanisms%20by%20which%20large-scale%2C%20low-frequency%20variations%20can%20influence%20shorter%20timescale%20variations%20and%20drive%20regional-scale%20effects%20are%20also%20discussed.%20In%20this%20light%20of%20these%20processes%2C%20the%20prospects%20for%20practical%20climate%20predictability%20are%20also%20presented.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222017%5C%2F05%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220022-2402%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22R4DENPGW%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-06-22T16%3A53%3A33Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%2262NJJWSH%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Stukel%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222017-02%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A12%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EStukel%2C%20M.%20R.%2C%20Aluwihare%2C%20L.%20I.%2C%20Barbeau%2C%20K.%20A.%2C%20Chekalyuk%2C%20A.%20M.%2C%20Goericke%2C%20R.%2C%20%3Cstrong%3EMiller%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20A.%20J.%2C%20Ohman%2C%20M.%20D.%2C%20Ruacho%2C%20A.%2C%20Song%2C%20H.%2C%20Stephens%2C%20B.%20M.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Landry%2C%20M.%20R.%20%282017%29.%20Mesoscale%20ocean%20fronts%20enhance%20carbon%20export%20due%20to%20gravitational%20sinking%20and%20subduction.%20%3Ci%3EProceedings%20of%20the%20National%20Academy%20of%20Sciences%20of%20the%20United%20States%20of%20America%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E114%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%286%29%2C%201252%26%23x2013%3B1257.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1073%5C%2Fpnas.1609435114%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1073%5C%2Fpnas.1609435114%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Mesoscale%20ocean%20fronts%20enhance%20carbon%20export%20due%20to%20gravitational%20sinking%20and%20subduction%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%20R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Stukel%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22L.%20I.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Aluwihare%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22K.%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Barbeau%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Chekalyuk%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Goericke%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Miller%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%20D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ohman%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ruacho%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22H.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Song%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22B.%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Stephens%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%20R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Landry%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Enhanced%20vertical%20carbon%20transport%20%28gravitational%20sinking%20and%20subduction%29%20at%20mesoscale%20ocean%20fronts%20may%20explain%20the%20demonstrated%20imbalance%20of%20new%20production%20and%20sinking%20particle%20export%20in%20coastal%20upwelling%20ecosystems.%20Based%20on%20flux%20assessments%20from%20U-238%3ATh-234%20disequilibrium%20and%20sediment%20traps%2C%20we%20found%202%20to%203%20times%20higher%20rates%20of%20gravitational%20particle%20export%20near%20a%20deep-water%20front%20%28305%20mg%20C.m%28-2%29.d%28-1%29%29%20compared%20with%20adjacent%20water%20or%20to%20mean%20%28nonfrontal%29%20regional%20conditions.%20Elevated%20particle%20flux%20at%20the%20front%20wasmechanistically%20linked%20to%20Fe-stressed%20diatoms%20and%20high-mesozooplankton%20fecal%20pellet%20production.%20Using%20a%20data%20assimilative%20regional%20ocean%20model%20fit%20to%20measured%20conditions%2C%20we%20estimate%20that%20an%20additional%20similar%20to%20225%20mg%20C.m%28-2%29.d%28-1%29%20was%20exported%20as%20subduction%20of%20particle-rich%20water%20at%20the%20front%2C%20highlighting%20a%20transport%20mechanism%20that%20is%20not%20captured%20by%20sediment%20traps%20and%20is%20poorly%20quantified%20by%20most%20models%20and%20in%20situ%20measurements.%20Mesoscale%20fronts%20may%20be%20responsible%20for%20over%20a%20quarter%20of%20total%20organic%20carbon%20sequestration%20in%20the%20California%20Current%20and%20other%20coastal%20upwelling%20ecosystems.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222017%5C%2F02%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1073%5C%2Fpnas.1609435114%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220027-8424%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22QIYZ9CQ7%22%2C%22MWYMG4GN%22%2C%22FWE37XSJ%22%2C%22R4DENPGW%22%2C%22WJTCAXQW%22%2C%22PY4MY9R2%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222023-04-10T22%3A50%3A01Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22DPY9SX9F%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Bromirski%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222017-01%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A6%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EBromirski%2C%20P.%20D.%2C%20Flick%2C%20R.%20E.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20%3Cstrong%3EMiller%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20A.%20J.%20%282017%29.%20Storm%20surge%20along%20the%20Pacific%20coast%20of%20North%20America.%20%3Ci%3EJournal%20of%20Geophysical%20Research-Oceans%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E122%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%281%29%2C%20441%26%23x2013%3B457.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1002%5C%2F2016jc012178%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1002%5C%2F2016jc012178%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Storm%20surge%20along%20the%20Pacific%20coast%20of%20North%20America%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22P.%20D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bromirski%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22R.%20E.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Flick%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Miller%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Storm%20surge%20is%20an%20important%20factor%20that%20contributes%20to%20coastal%20flooding%20and%20erosion.%20Storm%20surge%20magnitude%20along%20eastern%20North%20Pacific%20coasts%20results%20primarily%20from%20low%20sea%20level%20pressure%20%28SLP%29.%20Thus%2C%20coastal%20regions%20where%20high%20surge%20occurs%20identify%20the%20dominant%20locations%20where%20intense%20storms%20make%20landfall%2C%20controlled%20by%20storm%20track%20across%20the%20North%20Pacific.%20Here%20storm%20surge%20variability%20along%20the%20Pacific%20coast%20of%20North%20America%20is%20characterized%20by%20positive%20nontide%20residuals%20at%20a%20network%20of%20tide%20gauge%20stations%20from%20southern%20California%20to%20Alaska.%20The%20magnitudes%20of%20mean%20and%20extreme%20storm%20surge%20generally%20increase%20from%20south%20to%20north%2C%20with%20typically%20high%20amplitude%20surge%20north%20of%20Cape%20Mendocino%20and%20lower%20surge%20to%20the%20south.%20Correlation%20of%20mode%201%20nontide%20principal%20component%20%28PC1%29%20during%20winter%20months%20%28December-February%29%20with%20anomalous%20SLP%20over%20the%20northeast%20Pacific%20indicates%20that%20the%20dominant%20storm%20landfall%20region%20is%20along%20the%20Cascadia%5C%2FBritish%20Columbia%20coast.%20Although%20empirical%20orthogonal%20function%20spatial%20patterns%20show%20substantial%20interannual%20variability%2C%20similar%20correlation%20patterns%20of%20nontide%20PC1%20over%20the%201948-1975%20and%201983-2014%20epochs%20with%20anomalous%20SLP%20suggest%20that%2C%20when%20considering%20decadal-scale%20time%20periods%2C%20storm%20surge%20and%20associated%20tracks%20have%20generally%20not%20changed%20appreciably%20since%201948.%20Nontide%20PC1%20is%20well%20correlated%20with%20PC1%20of%20both%20anomalous%20SLP%20and%20modeled%20wave%20height%20near%20the%20tide%20gauge%20stations%2C%20reflecting%20the%20interrelationship%20between%20storms%2C%20surge%2C%20and%20waves.%20Weaker%20surge%20south%20of%20Cape%20Mendocino%20during%20the%202015-2016%20El%20Nino%20compared%20with%201982-1983%20may%20result%20from%20changes%20in%20Hadley%20circulation.%20Importantly%20from%20a%20coastal%20impacts%20perspective%2C%20extreme%20storm%20surge%20events%20are%20often%20accompanied%20by%20high%20waves.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222017%5C%2F01%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1002%5C%2F2016jc012178%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%222169-9275%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22Z9IGEY6D%22%2C%22D2UAFEX5%22%2C%22R4DENPGW%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222023-04-10T22%3A51%3A48Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%2255922RM3%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Suanda%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222016-10%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A4%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ESuanda%2C%20S.%20H.%2C%20Kumar%2C%20N.%2C%20%3Cstrong%3EMiller%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20A.%20J.%2C%20Di%20Lorenzo%2C%20E.%2C%20Haas%2C%20K.%2C%20Cai%2C%20D.%20H.%2C%20Edwards%2C%20C.%20A.%2C%20Washburn%2C%20L.%2C%20Fewings%2C%20M.%20R.%2C%20Torres%2C%20R.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Feddersen%2C%20F.%20%282016%29.%20Wind%20relaxation%20and%20a%20coastal%20buoyant%20plume%20north%20of%20Pt.%20Conception%2C%20CA%3A%20Observations%2C%20simulations%2C%20and%20scalings.%20%3Ci%3EJournal%20of%20Geophysical%20Research-Oceans%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E121%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2810%29%2C%207455%26%23x2013%3B7475.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1002%5C%2F2016jc011919%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1002%5C%2F2016jc011919%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Wind%20relaxation%20and%20a%20coastal%20buoyant%20plume%20north%20of%20Pt.%20Conception%2C%20CA%3A%20Observations%2C%20simulations%2C%20and%20scalings%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22S.%20H.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Suanda%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22N.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kumar%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Miller%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22E.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Di%20Lorenzo%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22K.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Haas%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22D.%20H.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Cai%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22C.%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Edwards%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22L.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Washburn%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%20R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Fewings%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Torres%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22F.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Feddersen%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22In%20upwelling%20regions%2C%20wind%20relaxations%20lead%20to%20poleward%20propagating%20warm%20water%20plumes%20that%20are%20important%20to%20coastal%20ecosystems.%20The%20coastal%20ocean%20response%20to%20wind%20relaxation%20around%20Pt.%20Conception%2C%20CA%20is%20simulated%20with%20a%20Regional%20Ocean%20Model%20%28ROMS%29%20forced%20by%20realistic%20surface%20and%20lateral%20boundary%20conditions%20including%20tidal%20processes.%20The%20model%20reproduces%20well%20the%20statistics%20of%20observed%20subtidal%20water%20column%20temperature%20and%20velocity%20at%20both%20outer%20and%20inner-shelf%20mooring%20locations%20throughout%20the%20study.%20A%20poleward-propagating%20plume%20of%20Southern%20California%20Bight%20water%20that%20increases%20shelf%20water%20temperatures%20by%20similar%20to%205%20degrees%20C%20is%20also%20reproduced.%20Modeled%20plume%20propagation%20speed%2C%20spatial%20scales%2C%20and%20flow%20structure%20are%20consistent%20with%20a%20theoretical%20scaling%20for%20coastal%20buoyant%20plumes%20with%20both%20surface-trapped%20and%20slope-controlled%20dynamics.%20Plume%20momentum%20balances%20are%20distinct%20between%20the%20offshore%20%28%3E30%20m%20depth%29%20region%20where%20the%20plume%20is%20surface-trapped%2C%20and%20onshore%20of%20the%2030%20m%20isobath%20%28within%205%20km%20from%20shore%29%20where%20the%20plume%20water%20mass%20extends%20to%20the%20bottom%20and%20is%20slope%20controlled.%20In%20the%20onshore%20region%2C%20bottom%20stress%20is%20important%20in%20the%20alongshore%20momentum%20equation%20and%20generates%20vertical%20vorticity%20that%20is%20an%20order%20of%20magnitude%20larger%20than%20the%20vorticity%20in%20the%20plume%20core.%20Numerical%20experiments%20without%20tidal%20forcing%20show%20that%20modeled%20surface%20temperatures%20are%20biased%200.5%20degrees%20C%20high%2C%20potentially%20affecting%20plume%20propagation%20distance%20and%20persistence.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222016%5C%2F10%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1002%5C%2F2016jc011919%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%222169-9275%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22R4DENPGW%22%2C%22HQ6RCFI9%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222023-04-11T21%3A23%3A05Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22GEUM3QCQ%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Pezzi%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222016-09%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A2%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EPezzi%2C%20L.%20P.%2C%20Souza%2C%20R.%20B.%2C%20Farias%2C%20P.%20C.%2C%20Acevedo%2C%20O.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20%3Cstrong%3EMiller%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20A.%20J.%20%282016%29.%20Air-sea%20interaction%20at%20the%20Southern%20Brazilian%20Continental%20Shelf%3A%20In%20situ%20observations.%20%3Ci%3EJournal%20of%20Geophysical%20Research-Oceans%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E121%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%289%29%2C%206671%26%23x2013%3B6695.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1002%5C%2F2016jc011774%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1002%5C%2F2016jc011774%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Air-sea%20interaction%20at%20the%20Southern%20Brazilian%20Continental%20Shelf%3A%20In%20situ%20observations%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22L.%20P.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pezzi%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22R.%20B.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Souza%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22P.%20C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Farias%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22O.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Acevedo%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Miller%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22The%20influence%20of%20the%20cross-shelf%20oceanographic%20front%20occurring%20between%20the%20Brazil%20Current%20%28BC%29%20and%20the%20Brazilian%20Coastal%20Current%20%28BCC%29%20on%20the%20local%20Marine%20Atmospheric%20Boundary%20Layer%20%28MABL%29%20is%20investigated%20here.%20This%20front%20is%20typical%20of%20wintertime%20in%20the%20Southern%20Brazilian%20Continental%20Shelf%20%28SBCS%29%20and%20this%20is%20the%20first%20time%20that%20its%20effects%20are%20investigated%20over%20the%20above%20MABL.%20Here%20we%20analyze%20variability%2C%20vertical%20structure%2C%20and%20stability%20of%20MABL%20as%20well%20as%20heat%20fluxes%20at%20air-sea%20interface%2C%20across%20five%20oceanographic%20transects%20in%20the%20SBCS%20made%20during%20a%20winter%202012%20cruise.%20Local%20thermal%20gradients%20associated%20with%20mixing%20between%20distinct%20water%20masses%2C%20play%20an%20essential%20role%20on%20MABL%20modulation%20and%20stability.%20Although%20weaker%20when%20compared%20with%20other%20frontal%20regions%2C%20the%20cross-shelf%20thermal%20gradients%20reproduce%20exactly%20what%20is%20expected%20for%20open%20ocean%20regions%3A%20Stronger%20%28weaker%29%20winds%2C%20lower%20%28higher%29%20sea%20level%20pressure%2C%20and%20a%20more%20unstable%20%28stable%29%20MABL%20are%20found%20over%20the%20warm%20%28cold%29%20side%20of%20the%20oceanographic%20front%20between%20the%20BC%20%28warm%29%20and%20coastal%20%28cold%29%20waters.%20Our%20findings%20strongly%20support%20the%20coexistence%20of%20both%20known%20MABL%20modulation%20mechanisms%3A%20the%20static%20and%20hydrostatic%20MABL%20stability.%20This%20is%20the%20first%20time%20that%20these%20modulation%20mechanisms%20are%20documented%20for%20this%20region.%20Turbulent%20fluxes%20were%20found%20to%20be%20markedly%20dependent%20on%20the%20cross-shelf%20SST%20gradients%20resulting%20in%20differences%20of%20up%20to%20100%20W.m%28-2%29%20especially%20in%20the%20southernmost%20region%20where%20the%20gradients%20were%20more%20intense.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222016%5C%2F09%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1002%5C%2F2016jc011774%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%222169-9275%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22R4DENPGW%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-06-22T16%3A53%3A31Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%229IFG2SEF%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Lou%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222016-07%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A6%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ELou%2C%20S.%20J.%2C%20Russell%2C%20L.%20M.%2C%20Yang%2C%20Y.%2C%20Xu%2C%20L.%2C%20Lamjiri%2C%20M.%20A.%2C%20DeFlorio%2C%20M.%20J.%2C%20%3Cstrong%3EMiller%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20A.%20J.%2C%20Ghan%2C%20S.%20J.%2C%20Liu%2C%20Y.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Singh%2C%20B.%20%282016%29.%20Impacts%20of%20the%20East%20Asian%20Monsoon%20on%20springtime%20dust%20concentrations%20over%20China.%20%3Ci%3EJournal%20of%20Geophysical%20Research-Atmospheres%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E121%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2813%29%2C%208137%26%23x2013%3B8152.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1002%5C%2F2016jd024758%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1002%5C%2F2016jd024758%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Impacts%20of%20the%20East%20Asian%20Monsoon%20on%20springtime%20dust%20concentrations%20over%20China%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22S.%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lou%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22L.%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Russell%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Y.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Yang%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22L.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Xu%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lamjiri%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22DeFlorio%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Miller%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22S.%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ghan%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Y.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Liu%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22B.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Singh%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22We%20use%20150year%20preindustrial%20simulations%20of%20the%20Community%20Earth%20System%20Model%20to%20quantify%20the%20impacts%20of%20the%20East%20Asian%20Monsoon%20strength%20on%20interannual%20variations%20of%20springtime%20dust%20concentrations%20over%20China.%20The%20simulated%20interannual%20variations%20in%20March-April-May%20%28MAM%29%20dust%20column%20concentrations%20range%20between%2020-40%25%20and%2010-60%25%20over%20eastern%20and%20western%20China%2C%20respectively.%20The%20dust%20concentrations%20over%20eastern%20China%20correlate%20negatively%20with%20the%20East%20Asian%20Monsoon%20%28EAM%29%20index%2C%20which%20represents%20the%20strength%20of%20monsoon%2C%20with%20a%20regionally%20averaged%20correlation%20coefficient%20of%20-0.64.%20Relative%20to%20the%20strongest%20EAM%20years%2C%20MAM%20dust%20concentrations%20in%20the%20weakest%20EAM%20years%20are%20higher%20over%20China%2C%20with%20regional%20relative%20differences%20of%2055.6%25%2C%2029.6%25%2C%20and%2013.9%25%20in%20the%20run%20with%20emissions%20calculated%20interactively%20and%20of%2033.8%25%2C%2010.3%25%2C%20and%208.2%25%20over%20eastern%2C%20central%2C%20and%20western%20China%2C%20respectively%2C%20in%20the%20run%20with%20prescribed%20emissions.%20Both%20interactive%20run%20and%20prescribed%20emission%20run%20show%20the%20similar%20pattern%20of%20climate%20change%20between%20the%20weakest%20and%20strongest%20EAM%20years.%20Strong%20anomalous%20northwesterly%20and%20westerly%20winds%20over%20the%20Gobi%20and%20Taklamakan%20deserts%20during%20the%20weakest%20EAM%20years%20result%20in%20larger%20transport%20fluxes%2C%20and%20thereby%20increase%20the%20dust%20concentrations%20over%20China.%20These%20differences%20in%20dust%20concentrations%20between%20the%20weakest%20and%20strongest%20EAM%20years%20%28weakest-strongest%29%20lead%20to%20the%20change%20in%20the%20net%20radiative%20forcing%20by%20up%20to%20-8%20and%20-3Wm%28-2%29%20at%20the%20surface%2C%20compared%20to%20-2.4%20and%20%2B1.2Wm%28-2%29%20at%20the%20top%20of%20the%20atmosphere%20over%20eastern%20and%20western%20China%2C%20respectively.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222016%5C%2F07%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1002%5C%2F2016jd024758%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%222169-897X%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22R4DENPGW%22%2C%22A7SDMQLT%22%2C%22FCUZWX58%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222023-05-03T20%3A42%3A27Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22B94KGQ9L%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Yang%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222016-06%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A8%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EYang%2C%20Y.%2C%20Russell%2C%20L.%20M.%2C%20Xu%2C%20L.%2C%20Lou%2C%20S.%20J.%2C%20Lamjiri%2C%20M.%20A.%2C%20Somerville%2C%20R.%20C.%20J.%2C%20%3Cstrong%3EMiller%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20A.%20J.%2C%20Cayan%2C%20D.%20R.%2C%20DeFlorio%2C%20M.%20J.%2C%20Ghan%2C%20S.%20J.%2C%20Liu%2C%20Y.%2C%20Singh%2C%20B.%2C%20Wang%2C%20H.%20L.%2C%20Yoon%2C%20J.%20H.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Rasch%2C%20P.%20J.%20%282016%29.%20Impacts%20of%20ENSO%20events%20on%20cloud%20radiative%20effects%20in%20preindustrial%20conditions%3A%20Changes%20in%20cloud%20fraction%20and%20their%20dependence%20on%20interactive%20aerosol%20emissions%20and%20concentrations.%20%3Ci%3EJournal%20of%20Geophysical%20Research-Atmospheres%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E121%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2811%29%2C%206321%26%23x2013%3B6335.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1002%5C%2F2015jd024503%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1002%5C%2F2015jd024503%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Impacts%20of%20ENSO%20events%20on%20cloud%20radiative%20effects%20in%20preindustrial%20conditions%3A%20Changes%20in%20cloud%20fraction%20and%20their%20dependence%20on%20interactive%20aerosol%20emissions%20and%20concentrations%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Y.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Yang%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22L.%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Russell%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22L.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Xu%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22S.%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lou%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lamjiri%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22R.%20C.%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Somerville%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Miller%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22D.%20R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Cayan%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22DeFlorio%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22S.%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ghan%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Y.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Liu%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22B.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Singh%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22H.%20L.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Wang%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%20H.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Yoon%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22P.%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Rasch%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22We%20use%20three%20150%20year%20preindustrial%20simulations%20of%20the%20Community%20Earth%20System%20Model%20to%20quantify%20the%20impacts%20of%20El%20Nino-Southern%20Oscillation%20%28ENSO%29%20events%20on%20shortwave%20and%20longwave%20cloud%20radiative%20effects%20%28CRESW%20and%20CRELW%29.%20Compared%20to%20recent%20observations%20from%20the%20Clouds%20and%20the%20Earth%27s%20Radiant%20Energy%20System%20data%20set%2C%20the%20model%20simulation%20successfully%20reproduces%20larger%20variations%20of%20CRESW%20and%20CRELW%20over%20the%20tropics.%20The%20ENSO%20cycle%20is%20found%20to%20dominate%20interannual%20variations%20of%20cloud%20radiative%20effects.%20Simulated%20cooling%20%28warming%29%20effects%20from%20CRESW%20%28CRELW%29%20are%20strongest%20over%20the%20tropical%20western%20and%20central%20Pacific%20Ocean%20during%20warm%20ENSO%20events%2C%20with%20the%20largest%20difference%20between%2020%20and%2060%20W%20m%28-2%29%2C%20with%20weaker%20effects%20of%2010-40%20W%20m%28-2%29%20over%20Indonesian%20regions%20and%20the%20subtropical%20Pacific%20Ocean.%20Sensitivity%20tests%20show%20that%20variations%20of%20cloud%20radiative%20effects%20are%20mainly%20driven%20by%20ENSO-related%20changes%20in%20cloud%20fraction.%20The%20variations%20in%20midlevel%20and%20high%20cloud%20fractions%20each%20account%20for%20approximately%2020-50%25%20of%20the%20interannual%20variations%20of%20CRESW%20over%20the%20tropics%20and%20almost%20all%20of%20the%20variations%20of%20CRELW%20between%2060%20degrees%20S%20and%2060%20degrees%20N.%20The%20variation%20of%20low%20cloud%20fraction%20contributes%20to%20most%20of%20the%20variations%20of%20CRESW%20over%20the%20midlatitude%20oceans.%20Variations%20in%20natural%20aerosol%20concentrations%20explained%2010-30%25%20of%20the%20variations%20of%20both%20CRESW%20and%20CRELW%20over%20the%20tropical%20Pacific%2C%20Indonesian%20regions%2C%20and%20the%20tropical%20Indian%20Ocean.%20Changes%20in%20natural%20aerosol%20emissions%20and%20concentrations%20enhance%203-5%25%20and%201-3%25%20of%20the%20variations%20of%20cloud%20radiative%20effects%20averaged%20over%20the%20tropics.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222016%5C%2F06%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1002%5C%2F2015jd024503%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%222169-897X%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%222CJDBIH8%22%2C%22R4DENPGW%22%2C%22A7SDMQLT%22%2C%22FCUZWX58%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222023-05-03T20%3A41%3A44Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22YRPAZ432%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Newman%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222016-06%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A2%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ENewman%2C%20M.%2C%20Alexander%2C%20M.%20A.%2C%20Ault%2C%20T.%20R.%2C%20Cobb%2C%20K.%20M.%2C%20Deser%2C%20C.%2C%20Di%20Lorenzo%2C%20E.%2C%20Mantua%2C%20N.%20J.%2C%20%3Cstrong%3EMiller%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20A.%20J.%2C%20Minobe%2C%20S.%2C%20Nakamura%2C%20H.%2C%20Schneider%2C%20N.%2C%20Vimont%2C%20D.%20J.%2C%20Phillips%2C%20A.%20S.%2C%20Scott%2C%20J.%20D.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Smith%2C%20C.%20A.%20%282016%29.%20The%20Pacific%20Decadal%20Oscillation%2C%20Revisited.%20%3Ci%3EJournal%20of%20Climate%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E29%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2812%29%2C%204399%26%23x2013%3B4427.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1175%5C%2Fjcli-d-15-0508.1%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1175%5C%2Fjcli-d-15-0508.1%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22The%20Pacific%20Decadal%20Oscillation%2C%20Revisited%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Newman%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Alexander%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22T.%20R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ault%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22K.%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Cobb%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Deser%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22E.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Di%20Lorenzo%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22N.%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Mantua%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Miller%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Minobe%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22H.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Nakamura%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22N.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Schneider%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22D.%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Vimont%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%20S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Phillips%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%20D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Scott%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22C.%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Smith%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22The%20Pacific%20decadal%20oscillation%20%28PDO%29%2C%20the%20dominant%20year-round%20pattern%20of%20monthly%20North%20Pacific%20sea%20surface%20temperature%20%28SST%29%20variability%2C%20is%20an%20important%20target%20of%20ongoing%20research%20within%20the%20meteorological%20and%20climate%20dynamics%20communities%20and%20is%20central%20to%20the%20work%20of%20many%20geologists%2C%20ecologists%2C%20natural%20resource%20managers%2C%20and%20social%20scientists.%20Research%20over%20the%20last%2015%20years%20has%20led%20to%20an%20emerging%20consensus%3A%20the%20PDO%20is%20not%20a%20single%20phenomenon%2C%20but%20is%20instead%20the%20result%20of%20a%20combination%20of%20different%20physical%20processes%2C%20including%20both%20remote%20tropical%20forcing%20and%20local%20North%20Pacific%20atmosphere-ocean%20interactions%2C%20which%20operate%20on%20different%20time%20scales%20to%20drive%20similar%20PDO-like%20SST%20anomaly%20patterns.%20How%20these%20processes%20combine%20to%20generate%20the%20observed%20PDO%20evolution%2C%20including%20apparent%20regime%20shifts%2C%20is%20shown%20using%20simple%20autoregressive%20models%20of%20increasing%20spatial%20complexity.%20Simulations%20of%20recent%20climate%20in%20coupled%20GCMs%20are%20able%20to%20capture%20many%20aspects%20of%20the%20PDO%2C%20but%20do%20so%20based%20on%20a%20balance%20of%20processes%20often%20more%20independent%20of%20the%20tropics%20than%20is%20observed.%20Finally%2C%20it%20is%20suggested%20that%20the%20assessment%20of%20PDO-related%20regional%20climate%20impacts%2C%20reconstruction%20of%20PDO-related%20variability%20into%20the%20past%20with%20proxy%20records%2C%20and%20diagnosis%20of%20Pacific%20variability%20within%20coupled%20GCMs%20should%20all%20account%20for%20the%20effects%20of%20these%20different%20processes%2C%20which%20only%20partly%20represent%20the%20direct%20forcing%20of%20the%20atmosphere%20by%20North%20Pacific%20Ocean%20SSTs.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222016%5C%2F06%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1175%5C%2Fjcli-d-15-0508.1%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220894-8755%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22R4DENPGW%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-06-22T16%3A53%3A37Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22CRUWYEPG%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Seo%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222016-02%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A4%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ESeo%2C%20H.%2C%20%3Cstrong%3EMiller%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20A.%20J.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Norris%2C%20J.%20R.%20%282016%29.%20Eddy-wind%20interaction%20in%20the%20California%20Current%20System%3A%20Dynamics%20and%20impacts.%20%3Ci%3EJournal%20of%20Physical%20Oceanography%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E46%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%282%29%2C%20439%26%23x2013%3B459.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1175%5C%2Fjpo-d-15-0086.1%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1175%5C%2Fjpo-d-15-0086.1%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Eddy-wind%20interaction%20in%20the%20California%20Current%20System%3A%20Dynamics%20and%20impacts%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22H.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Seo%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Miller%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%20R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Norris%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22The%20summertime%20California%20Current%20System%20%28CCS%29%20is%20characterized%20by%20energetic%20mesoscale%20eddies%2C%20whose%20sea%20surface%20temperature%20%28SST%29%20and%20surface%20current%20can%20significantly%20modify%20the%20wind%20stress%20and%20Ekman%20pumping.%20Relative%20importance%20of%20the%20eddy-wind%20interactions%20via%20SST%20and%20surface%20current%20in%20the%20CCS%20is%20examined%20using%20a%20high-resolution%20%287%20km%29%20regional%20coupled%20model%20with%20a%20novel%20coupling%20approach%20to%20isolate%20the%20small-scale%20air-sea%20coupling%20by%20SST%20and%20surface%20current.%20Results%20show%20that%20when%20the%20eddy-induced%20surface%20current%20is%20allowed%20to%20modify%20the%20wind%20stress%2C%20the%20spatially%20averaged%20surface%20eddy%20kinetic%20energy%20%28EKE%29%20is%20reduced%20by%2042%25%2C%20and%20this%20is%20primarily%20due%20to%20enhanced%20surface%20eddy%20drag%20and%20reduced%20wind%20energy%20transfer.%20In%20contrast%2C%20the%20eddy-induced%20SST-wind%20coupling%20has%20no%20significant%20impact%20on%20the%20EKE.%20Furthermore%2C%20eddy-induced%20SST%20and%20surface%20current%20modify%20the%20Ekman%20pumping%20via%20their%20crosswind%20SST%20gradient%20and%20surface%20vorticity%20gradient%2C%20respectively.%20The%20resultant%20magnitudes%20of%20the%20Ekman%20pumping%20velocity%20are%20comparable%2C%20but%20the%20implied%20feedback%20effects%20on%20the%20eddy%20statistics%20are%20different.%20The%20surface%20current-induced%20Ekman%20pumping%20mainly%20attenuates%20the%20amplitude%20of%20cyclonic%20and%20anticyclonic%20eddies%2C%20acting%20to%20reduce%20the%20eddy%20activity%2C%20while%20the%20SST-induced%20Ekman%20pumping%20primarily%20affects%20the%20propagation.%20Time%20mean-rectified%20change%20in%20SST%20is%20determined%20by%20the%20altered%20offshore%20temperature%20advection%20by%20the%20mean%20and%20eddy%20currents%2C%20but%20the%20magnitude%20of%20the%20mean%20SST%20change%20is%20greater%20with%20the%20eddy-induced%20current%20effect.%20The%20demonstrated%20remarkably%20strong%20dynamical%20response%20in%20the%20CCS%20system%20to%20the%20eddy-induced%20current-wind%20coupling%20indicates%20that%20eddy-induced%20current%20should%20play%20an%20important%20role%20in%20the%20regional%20coupled%20ocean-atmosphere%20system.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222016%5C%2F02%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1175%5C%2Fjpo-d-15-0086.1%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220022-3670%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22R4DENPGW%22%2C%22F2EHYIBZ%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222023-06-23T16%3A17%3A35Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%2272DH6KS5%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22DeFlorio%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222016-01%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A10%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EDeFlorio%2C%20M.%20J.%2C%20Goodwin%2C%20I.%20D.%2C%20Cayan%2C%20D.%20R.%2C%20%3Cstrong%3EMiller%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20A.%20J.%2C%20Ghan%2C%20S.%20J.%2C%20Pierce%2C%20D.%20W.%2C%20Russell%2C%20L.%20M.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Singh%2C%20B.%20%282016%29.%20Interannual%20modulation%20of%20subtropical%20Atlantic%20boreal%20summer%20dust%20variability%20by%20ENSO.%20%3Ci%3EClimate%20Dynamics%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E46%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%281%26%23x2013%3B2%29%2C%20585%26%23x2013%3B599.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1007%5C%2Fs00382-015-2600-7%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1007%5C%2Fs00382-015-2600-7%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Interannual%20modulation%20of%20subtropical%20Atlantic%20boreal%20summer%20dust%20variability%20by%20ENSO%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22DeFlorio%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22I.%20D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Goodwin%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22D.%20R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Cayan%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Miller%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22S.%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ghan%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22D.%20W.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pierce%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22L.%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Russell%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22B.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Singh%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Dust%20variability%20in%20the%20climate%20system%20has%20been%20studied%20for%20several%20decades%2C%20yet%20there%20remains%20an%20incomplete%20understanding%20of%20the%20dynamical%20mechanisms%20controlling%20interannual%20and%20decadal%20variations%20in%20dust%20transport.%20The%20sparseness%20of%20multi-year%20observational%20datasets%20has%20limited%20our%20understanding%20of%20the%20relationship%20between%20climate%20variations%20and%20atmospheric%20dust.%20We%20use%20available%20in%20situ%20and%20satellite%20observations%20of%20dust%20and%20a%20century-length%20fully%20coupled%20Community%20Earth%20System%20Model%20%28CESM%29%20simulation%20to%20show%20that%20the%20El%20Nino-Southern%20Oscillation%20%28ENSO%29%20exerts%20a%20control%20on%20North%20African%20dust%20transport%20during%20boreal%20summer.%20In%20CESM%2C%20this%20relationship%20is%20stronger%20over%20the%20dusty%20tropical%20North%20Atlantic%20than%20near%20Barbados%2C%20one%20of%20the%20few%20sites%20having%20a%20multi-decadal%20observed%20record.%20During%20strong%20La%20Nina%20summers%20in%20CESM%2C%20a%20statistically%20significant%20increase%20in%20lower%20tropospheric%20easterly%20wind%20is%20associated%20with%20an%20increase%20in%20North%20African%20dust%20transport%20over%20the%20Atlantic.%20Barbados%20dust%20and%20Pacific%20SST%20variability%20are%20only%20weakly%20correlated%20in%20both%20observations%20and%20CESM%2C%20suggesting%20that%20other%20processes%20are%20controlling%20the%20cross-basin%20variability%20of%20dust.%20We%20also%20use%20our%20CESM%20simulation%20to%20show%20that%20the%20relationship%20between%20downstream%20North%20African%20dust%20transport%20and%20ENSO%20fluctuates%20on%20multidecadal%20timescales%20and%20is%20associated%20with%20a%20phase%20shift%20in%20the%20North%20Atlantic%20Oscillation.%20Our%20findings%20indicate%20that%20existing%20observations%20of%20dust%20over%20the%20tropical%20North%20Atlantic%20are%20not%20extensive%20enough%20to%20completely%20describe%20the%20variability%20of%20dust%20and%20dust%20transport%2C%20and%20demonstrate%20the%20importance%20of%20global%20models%20to%20supplement%20and%20interpret%20observational%20records.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222016%5C%2F01%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1007%5C%2Fs00382-015-2600-7%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220930-7575%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%222CJDBIH8%22%2C%22R4DENPGW%22%2C%22A7SDMQLT%22%2C%22FCUZWX58%22%2C%22XPQ3R656%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222023-06-23T16%3A18%3A30Z%22%7D%7D%5D%7D
Cui, X., Yang, D., Miller, A. J., Yin, B., & Yang, J. (2024). Trough‐Scale Slope Countercurrent Over the East China Sea Continental Slope Driven by Upwelling Divergence. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 129(10), e2023JC020743. https://doi.org/10.1029/2023JC020743
Sun, R., Sanikommu, S., Subramanian, A. C., Mazloff, M. R., Cornuelle, B. D., Gopalakrishnan, G., Miller, A. J., & Hoteit, I. (2024). Enhanced regional ocean ensemble data assimilation through atmospheric coupling in the SKRIPS model. Ocean Modelling, 191, 102424. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocemod.2024.102424
DeFlorio, M. J., Sengupta, A., Castellano, C. M., Wang, J., Zhang, Z., Gershunov, A., Guirguis, K., Luna Niño, R., Clemesha, R. E. S., Pan, M., Xiao, M., Kawzenuk, B., Gibson, P. B., Scheftic, W., Broxton, P. D., Switanek, M. B., Yuan, J., Dettinger, M. D., Hecht, C. W., … Anderson, M. L. (2024). From California’s Extreme Drought to Major Flooding: Evaluating and Synthesizing Experimental Seasonal and Subseasonal Forecasts of Landfalling Atmospheric Rivers and Extreme Precipitation during Winter 2022/23. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 105(1), E84–E104. https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-22-0208.1
Sun, R., Cobb, A., Villas Bôas, A. B., Langodan, S., Subramanian, A. C., Mazloff, M. R., Cornuelle, B. D., Miller, A. J., Pathak, R., & Hoteit, I. (2023). Waves in SKRIPS: WAVEWATCH III coupling implementation and a case study of Tropical Cyclone Mekunu. Geoscientific Model Development, 16(12), 3435–3458. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-3435-2023
Ghosh, S., Miller, A. J., Subramaniam, A. C., Bhatla, R., & Das, S. (2023). Signals of northward propagating monsoon intraseasonal oscillations (MISOs) in the RegCM4.7 CORDEX-CORE simulation over South Asia domain. Climate Dynamics. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-023-06729-3
Beaudin, É., Di Lorenzo, E., Miller, A. J., Seo, H., & Joh, Y. (2023). Impact of Extratropical Northeast Pacific SST on U.S. West Coast Precipitation. Geophysical Research Letters, 50(3). https://doi.org/10.1029/2022GL102354
Pezzi, L. P., Quadro, M. F. L., Souza, E. B., Miller, A. J., Rao, V. B., Rosa, E. B., Santini, M. F., Bender, A., Souza, R. B., Cabrera, M. J., Parise, C. K., Carvalho, J. T., Lima, L. S., De Quadros, M. R. L., Nehme, D. M., & António, J. F. (2023). Oceanic SACZ produces an abnormally wet 2021/2022 rainy season in South America. Scientific Reports, 13(1), 1455. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-28803-w
Di Lorenzo, E., Xu, T., Zhao, Y., Newman, M., Capotondi, A., Stevenson, S., Amaya, D. J., Anderson, B. T., Ding, R., Furtado, J. C., Joh, Y., Liguori, G., Lou, J., Miller, A. J., Navarra, G., Schneider, N., Vimont, D. J., Wu, S., & Zhang, H. (2023). Modes and Mechanisms of Pacific Decadal-Scale Variability. Annual Review of Marine Science, 15(1), 249–275. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-marine-040422-084555
Zhang, Y., Yu, S. Y., Xie, S. P., Amaya, D. J., Peng, Q. H., Kosaka, Y., Lin, X. P., Yang, J. C., Larson, S. M., Miller, A. J., & Fan, L. (2022). Role of ocean dynamics in equatorial Pacific decadal variability. Climate Dynamics. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-022-06312-2
Pezzi, L. P., Quadro, M. F. L., Lorenzzetti, J. A., Miller, A. J., Rosa, E. B., Lima, L. N., & Sutil, U. A. (2022). The effect of Oceanic South Atlantic Convergence Zone episodes on regional SST anomalies: the roles of heat fluxes and upper-ocean dynamics. Climate Dynamics. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-022-06195-3
Sun, R., Boas, A. B. V., Subramanian, A. C., Cornuelle, B. D., Mazloff, M. R., Miller, A. J., Langodan, S., & Hoteit, I. (2022). Focusing and defocusing of tropical cyclone generated waves by ocean current refraction. Journal of Geophysical Research-Oceans, 127(1), 13. https://doi.org/10.1029/2021jc018112
Cordero-Quiros, N., Miller, A. J., Pan, Y. C., Balitaan, L., Curchitser, E., & Dussin, R. (2022). Physical-ecological response of the California Current System to ENSO events in ROMS-NEMURO. Ocean Dynamics, 72(1), 21–36. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10236-021-01490-9
Kumar, N., Lerczak, J. A., Xu, T. T., Waterhouse, A. F., Thomson, J., Terrill, E. J., Swann, C., Suanda, S. H., Spydell, M. S., Smit, P. B., Simpson, A., Romeiser, R., Pierce, S. D., de Paolo, T., Paloczy, A., O’Dea, A., Nyman, L., Moum, J. N., Moulton, M., … Ahn, S. (2021). The Inner-Shelf Dynamics Experiment. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 102(5), E1033–E1063. https://doi.org/10.1175/bams-d-19-0281.1
Pezzi, L. P., de Souza, R. B., Santini, M. F., Miller, A. J., Carvalho, J. T., Parise, C. K., Quadro, M. F., Rosa, E. B., Justino, F., Sutil, U. A., Cabrera, M. J., Babanin, A. V., Voermans, J., Nascimento, E. L., Alves, R. C. M., Munchow, G. B., & Rubert, J. (2021). Oceanic eddy-induced modifications to air-sea heat and CO2 fluxes in the Brazil-Malvinas Confluence. Scientific Reports, 11(1), 15. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-89985-9
Sun, R., Subramanian, A. C., Cornuelle, B. D., Mazloff, M. R., Miller, A. J., Ralph, F. M., Seo, H., & Hoteit, I. (2021). The role of air-sea interactions in atmospheric rivers: Case studies using the SKRIPS regional coupled model. Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres, 126(6). https://doi.org/10.1029/2020jd032885
Ajoku, O. F., Miller, A. J., & Norris, J. R. (2021). Impacts of aerosols produced by biomass burning on the stratocumulus-to-cumulus transition in the equatorial Atlantic. Atmospheric Science Letters. https://doi.org/10.1002/asl.1025
Amaya, D. J., Alexander, M. A., Capotondi, A., Deser, C., Karnauskas, K. B., Miller, A. J., & Mantua, N. J. (2021). Are long-term changes in mixed layer depth influencing North Pacific marine heatwaves? Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 102(1), S59–S66. https://doi.org/10.1175/bams-d-20-0144.1
Schmidt, D. F., Amaya, D. J., Grise, K. M., & Miller, A. J. (2020). Impacts of Shifting Subtropical Highs on the California Current and Canary Current Systems. Geophysical Research Letters, 47(15). https://doi.org/10.1029/2020gl088996
Jacox, M. G., Alexander, M. A., Siedlecki, S., Chen, K., Kwon, Y. O., Brodie, S., Ortiz, I., Tommasi, D., Widlansky, M. J., Barrie, D., Capotondi, A., Cheng, W., Di Lorenzo, E., Edwards, C., Fiechter, J., Fratantoni, P., Hazen, E. L., Hermann, A. J., Kumar, A., … Rykaczewski, R. (2020). Seasonal-to-interannual prediction of North American coastal marine ecosystems: Forecast methods, mechanisms of predictability, and priority developments. Progress in Oceanography, 183. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pocean.2020.102307
Hell, M. C., Gille, S. T., Cornuelle, B. D., Miller, A. J., Bromirski, P. D., & Crawford, A. D. (2020). Estimating Southern Ocean storm positions with seismic observations. Journal of Geophysical Research-Oceans, 125(4). https://doi.org/10.1029/2019jc015898
Amaya, D. J., Miller, A. J., Xie, S. P., & Kosaka, Y. (2020). Physical drivers of the summer 2019 North Pacific marine heatwave. Nature Communications, 11(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-15820-w
Gopalakrishnan, G., Subramanian, A. C., Miller, A. J., Seo, H., & Sengupta, D. (2020). Estimation and prediction of the upper ocean circulation in the Bay of Bengal. Deep-Sea Research Part Ii-Topical Studies in Oceanography, 172. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2019.104721
Eliashiv, J., Subramanian, A. C., & Miller, A. J. (2020). A reliability budget analysis of CESM-DART. Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, 12(2). https://doi.org/10.1029/2019ms001678
Hell, M. C., Cornuelle, B. D., Gille, S. T., Miller, A. J., & Bromirski, P. D. (2019). Identifying ocean swell generation events from Ross Ice Shelf seismic data. Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, 36(11), 2171–2189. https://doi.org/10.1175/jtech-d-19-0093.1
Sun, R., Subramanian, A. C., Miller, A. J., Mazloff, M. R., Hoteit, I., & Cornuelle, B. D. (2019). SKRIPS v1.0: a regional coupled ocean-atmosphere modeling framework (MITgcm-WRF) using ESMF/NUOPC, description and preliminary results for the Red Sea. Geoscientific Model Development, 12(10), 4221–4244. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-12-4221-2019
Ajoku, O., Norris, J. R., & Miller, A. J. (2019). Observed monsoon precipitation suppression caused by anomalous interhemispheric aerosol transport. Climate Dynamics. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-019-05046-y
Capotondi, A., Jacox, M., Bowler, C., Kavanaugh, M., Lehodey, P., Barrie, D., Brodie, S., Chaffron, S., Cheng, W., Dias, D. F., Eveillard, D., Guidi, L., Iudicone, D., Lovenduski, N. S., Nye, J. A., Ortiz, I., Pirhalla, D., Buil, M. P., Saba, V., … Pesant, S. (2019). Observational needs supporting marine ecosystems modeling and forecasting: From the global ocean to regional and coastal systems. Frontiers in Marine Science, 6. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2019.00623
Eliashiv, J., Subramanian, A. C., & Miller, A. J. (2019). Tropical climate variability in the Community Earth System Model: Data Assimilation Research Testbed. Climate Dynamics. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-019-05030-6
Cordero-Quiros, N., Miller, A. J., Subramanian, A. C., Luo, J. Y., & Capotondi, A. (2019). Composite physical-biological El Nino and La Nina conditions in the California Current System in CESM1-POP2-BEC. Ocean Modelling, 142. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocemod.2019.101439
Sanchez, S. C., Amaya, D. J., Miller, A. J., Xie, S. P., & Charles, C. D. (2019). The Pacific Meridional Mode over the last millennium. Climate Dynamics, 53(5–6), 3547–3560. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-019-04740-1
Amaya, D. J., Kosaka, Y., Zhou, W., Zhang, Y., Xie, S.-P., & Miller, A. J. (2019). The North Pacific pacemaker effect on historical ENSO and its mechanisms. Journal of Climate. https://doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-19-0040.1
Capotondi, A., Sardeshmukh, P. D., Di Lorenzo, E., Subramanian, A. C., & Miller, A. J. (2019). Predictability of US West Coast ocean temperatures is not solely due to ENSO. Scientific Reports, 9. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-47400-4
Dias, D. F., Subramanian, A., Zanna, L., & Miller, A. J. (2019). Remote and local influences in forecasting Pacific SST: a linear inverse model and a multimodel ensemble study. Climate Dynamics, 52(5–6), 3183–3201. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-018-4323-z
Lennert-Cody, C. E., Clarke, S. C., Aires-da-Silva, A., Maunder, M. N., Franks, P. J. S., Roman, M., Miller, A. J., & Minami, M. (2019). The importance of environment and life stage on interpretation of silky shark relative abundance indices for the equatorial Pacific Ocean. Fisheries Oceanography, 28(1), 43–53. https://doi.org/10.1111/fog.12385
Kilpatrick, T., Xie, S.-P., Miller, A. J., & Schneider, N. (2018). Satellite observations of enhanced chlorophyll variability in the Southern California Bight. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 123(10), 7550–7563. https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JC014248
Amaya, D. J., Siler, N., Xie, S. P., & Miller, A. J. (2018). The interplay of internal and forced modes of Hadley Cell expansion: lessons from the global warming hiatus. Climate Dynamics, 51(1–2), 305–319. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-017-3921-5
Yi, D. L. L., Gan, B. L., Wu, L. X., & Miller, A. J. (2018). The North Pacific Gyre Oscillation and Mechanisms of Its Decadal Variability in CMIP5 Models. Journal of Climate, 31(6), 2487–2509. https://doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-17-0344.1
Stukel, M. R., Song, H., Goericke, R., & Miller, A. J. (2018). The role of subduction and gravitational sinking in particle export, carbon sequestration, and the remineralization length scale in the California Current Ecosystem. Limnology and Oceanography, 63(1), 363–383. https://doi.org/10.1002/lno.10636
Pullen, J., Allard, R., Seo, H., Miller, A. J., Chen, S. Y., Pezzi, L. P., Smith, T., Chu, P., Alves, J., & Caldeira, R. (2017). Coupled ocean-atmosphere forecasting at short and medium time scales. Journal of Marine Research, 75(6), 877–921.
Gan, B. L., Wu, L. X., Jia, F., Li, S. J., Cai, W. J., Nakamura, H., Alexander, M. A., & Miller, A. J. (2017). On the response of the Aleutian Low to greenhouse warming. Journal of Climate, 30(10), 3907–3925. https://doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-15-0789.1
Miller, A. J., Collins, M., Gualdi, S., Jensen, T. G., Misra, V., Pezzi, L. P., Pierce, D. W., Putrasahan, D., Seo, H., & Tseng, Y. H. (2017). Coupled ocean-atmosphere modeling and predictions. Journal of Marine Research, 75(3), 361–402.
Stukel, M. R., Aluwihare, L. I., Barbeau, K. A., Chekalyuk, A. M., Goericke, R., Miller, A. J., Ohman, M. D., Ruacho, A., Song, H., Stephens, B. M., & Landry, M. R. (2017). Mesoscale ocean fronts enhance carbon export due to gravitational sinking and subduction. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 114(6), 1252–1257. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1609435114
Bromirski, P. D., Flick, R. E., & Miller, A. J. (2017). Storm surge along the Pacific coast of North America. Journal of Geophysical Research-Oceans, 122(1), 441–457. https://doi.org/10.1002/2016jc012178
Suanda, S. H., Kumar, N., Miller, A. J., Di Lorenzo, E., Haas, K., Cai, D. H., Edwards, C. A., Washburn, L., Fewings, M. R., Torres, R., & Feddersen, F. (2016). Wind relaxation and a coastal buoyant plume north of Pt. Conception, CA: Observations, simulations, and scalings. Journal of Geophysical Research-Oceans, 121(10), 7455–7475. https://doi.org/10.1002/2016jc011919
Pezzi, L. P., Souza, R. B., Farias, P. C., Acevedo, O., & Miller, A. J. (2016). Air-sea interaction at the Southern Brazilian Continental Shelf: In situ observations. Journal of Geophysical Research-Oceans, 121(9), 6671–6695. https://doi.org/10.1002/2016jc011774
Lou, S. J., Russell, L. M., Yang, Y., Xu, L., Lamjiri, M. A., DeFlorio, M. J., Miller, A. J., Ghan, S. J., Liu, Y., & Singh, B. (2016). Impacts of the East Asian Monsoon on springtime dust concentrations over China. Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres, 121(13), 8137–8152. https://doi.org/10.1002/2016jd024758
Yang, Y., Russell, L. M., Xu, L., Lou, S. J., Lamjiri, M. A., Somerville, R. C. J., Miller, A. J., Cayan, D. R., DeFlorio, M. J., Ghan, S. J., Liu, Y., Singh, B., Wang, H. L., Yoon, J. H., & Rasch, P. J. (2016). Impacts of ENSO events on cloud radiative effects in preindustrial conditions: Changes in cloud fraction and their dependence on interactive aerosol emissions and concentrations. Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres, 121(11), 6321–6335. https://doi.org/10.1002/2015jd024503
Newman, M., Alexander, M. A., Ault, T. R., Cobb, K. M., Deser, C., Di Lorenzo, E., Mantua, N. J., Miller, A. J., Minobe, S., Nakamura, H., Schneider, N., Vimont, D. J., Phillips, A. S., Scott, J. D., & Smith, C. A. (2016). The Pacific Decadal Oscillation, Revisited. Journal of Climate, 29(12), 4399–4427. https://doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-15-0508.1
Seo, H., Miller, A. J., & Norris, J. R. (2016). Eddy-wind interaction in the California Current System: Dynamics and impacts. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 46(2), 439–459. https://doi.org/10.1175/jpo-d-15-0086.1
DeFlorio, M. J., Goodwin, I. D., Cayan, D. R., Miller, A. J., Ghan, S. J., Pierce, D. W., Russell, L. M., & Singh, B. (2016). Interannual modulation of subtropical Atlantic boreal summer dust variability by ENSO. Climate Dynamics, 46(1–2), 585–599. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-015-2600-7